Wickersheimer, Ernest. Figures médico-astrologiques des neuvième, dixième et onzième siècles, in Transactions of the Seventeenth International Congress of Medicine, Section XXIII, History of Medicine, London, 1913, p. 313 ff. William of Auvergne. Opera omnia, Venice, 1591. Withington, E. T. Medical History from the Earliest Times, London, 1894. Wright, Thomas. Popular Treatises on Science written during the middle ages in Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, and English, London, 1841. ed. Alexander Neckam De naturis rerum, in RS vol. 34, 1863. Wulf, M. de. History of Medieval Philosophy, 1909, English translation. Wüstenfeld, F. Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte und Naturforscher, Göttingen, 1840. Yule, Sir Henry. The Book of Ser Marco Polo, third edition revised by Henri Cordier, 2 vols., London, 1903. Zarncke, F. Der Priester Johannes, in Abhandl. d. philol.-hist. Classe, Kgl. Sächs. Gesell. d. Wiss., VII (1879), 627-1030; VIII (1883), 1-186. Zetzner, L. Theatrum chemicum, 1613-1622, 6 vols. A HISTORY OF MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE _VOLUME I_ A HISTORY OF MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE AND THEIR RELATION TO CHRISTIAN THOUGHT DURING THE FIRST THIRTEEN CENTURIES OF OUR ERA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Aim of this book—Period covered—How to study the history of thought—Definition of magic—Magic of primitive man; does civilization originate in magic?—Divination in early China—Magic in ancient Egypt—Magic and Egyptian religion—Mortuary magic—Magic in daily life—Power of words, images, amulets—Magic in Egyptian medicine—Demons and disease—Magic and science—Magic and industry—Alchemy—Divination and astrology—The sources for Assyrian and Babylonian magic—Was astrology Sumerian or Chaldean?—The number seven in early Babylonia—Incantation texts older than astrological—Other divination than astrology—Incantations against sorcery and demons—A specimen incantation—Materials and devices of magic—Greek culture not free from magic—Magic in myth, literature, and history—Simultaneous increase of learning and occult science—Magic origin urged for Greek religion and drama—Magic in Greek philosophy—Plato’s attitude toward magic and astrology—Aristotle on stars and spirits—Folk-lore in the _History of Animals_—Differing modes of transmission of ancient oriental and Greek literature—More magical character of directly transmitted Greek remains—Progress of science among the Greeks—Archimedes and Aristotle—Exaggerated view of the scientific achievement of the Hellenistic age—Appendix I. Some works on Magic, Religion, and Astronomy in Babylonia and Assyria. “_Magic has existed among all peoples and at every period._”—_Hegel._[3] [Sidenote: Aim of this book.]