A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 1 of 3Howard, George Elliott
History
A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 1 of 3
Howard, George Elliott
Families; Marriage -- History
In the earliest English codes the contract is found in its rudest
form. Besides _weotuma_, various other terms appear for the
bride-money. Such are _gyft_, _feoh_, _pretium_, and _pecunia pro
puella data_.[849] According to a provision of Æthelberht, already
referred to, "If a man buy a maiden with cattle (_ceapi_) let the
bargain stand, if it be without guile; but if there be guile, let
him bring her home again, and let his property be restored to
him."[850] Another law of the same king declares: "If a man carry
off a maiden by force, let him pay fifty shillings to the owner, and
afterwards buy of the owner the latter's consent [to the marriage].
If she be betrothed to another man in money (sceat), let him make
bot [to this bridegroom] with twenty shillings."[851]
[849] SCHROEDER, _Güterrecht_, I, 50; _idem_,
_Rechtsgeschichte_, 292; SOHM, _Trauung und Verlobung_,
15; LABOULAYE, _op. cit._, 113.
[850] ÆTHELB., 77; THORPE, _Ancient
Laws_, 22, 23, and n. 3; SCHMID, _Gesetze_, 8,
9. LIEBERMANN, 7, renders the first part of this
passage: "Wenn jemand eine Jungfrau [zur Ehe] kauft,
sei sie durch [Braut] Kaufgeld [giltig] erkauft, falls das
[Rechtsgeschäft] untrügerisch ist." _Cf. Poeniten. Theod._,
XVI, 29; THORPE, II, 11, or _Poeniten. Theod._, II, xii,
§ 34, in WASSERSCHLEBEN'S _Bussordnungen_, 216; with
_Confess. Ecgb._, § 20: THORPE, II, 147; or the same
in WASSERSCHLEBEN, 309. See also SCHROEDER,
_Güterrecht_, I, 51 n. 9.
[851] ÆTHELB., 82, 83; THORPE, I, 24, 25;
LIEBERMANN, 8; _cf._ SCHROEDER, _op. cit._, 51
n. 10.
Still, it will not be wise to accept too literally the apparent
statements of the early codes relative to the marriage relation,
for they are often brief and obscure, devoid of qualifying terms,
and must be construed in the light of other facts. Thus Opet's
researches seem to show clearly that in the historical period women
were not so much neglected in the ancient law of inheritance as has
usually been supposed.[852]
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