[187] MCLENNAN'S _Studies in Ancient History_ appeared in 1876, being mainly a reprint of his _Primitive Marriage_, published January, 1865, four years later than Bachofen's book; but "it was in the spring of 1866," he says, "that I first heard of _Das Mutterrecht_."--_Studies_, I, 319. MORGAN'S _League of the Iroquois_ was published in 1851, and in this he describes some of the essential facts connected with his theory. In 1857, he re-examined the subject and enlarged his views (_Proceedings of the Am. Association for the Advancement of Science_, Part II). But it was not until 1871 that his great work on _Systems of Consanguinity_ appeared, though accepted for publication, January, 1868. This was followed by the _Ancient Society_, 1877, in which his theory is fully elaborated. The _Houses and House-Life of the American Aborigines_, 1881, was originally intended as Part V of the _Ancient Society_. This is particularly true of the theories of Morgan;[188] although in his _Systems of Consanguinity_ he has with prodigious labor erected a monument of scientific research whose vast importance for the early history of human social relations is by no means yet definitively settled; and whose _Ancient Society_, aside from its speculative features, has the distinction of first clearly identifying the gentile organization of the Greeks and Romans with that of the red race of the western continents. Starting with the organization of society "on the basis of sex," as illustrated by the so-called class or group-marriages of the Australian Kamilaroi, he proceeds to discuss at length the gentile systems of the American Indians and the classic nations.[189] Originally relationship is traced in the female line, and intermarriage is prohibited within the _gens_. The _gens_ is older than the monogamic family. It cannot have the family as its constituent unit, because it is composed, not of entire families, but of parts of families.[190] [188] Referring to Lubbock's favorable view of Morgan's contributions to ethnological science, DR. STARCKE declares: "With all respect for Morgan's diligence as a collector of facts, I am more disposed to agree with McLennan that his work is altogether unscientific, and that his hypotheses are a wild dream, if not the delirium of fever."--_Primitive Family_, 207, 208. _Cf._ MCLENNAN, _Studies_, I, 269; LUBBOCK, _Origin of Civilization_, 162; and GROSSE, _Die Formen der Familie_, 3 ff. This criticism is far too severe; see KOHLER, _Zur Urgeschichte der Ehe_, 1 ff.; CUNOW, _Australneger_, chaps. v-vii, 11 ff.; HELLWALD, _Die mensch. Familie_, 158 ff. [189] _Ancient Society_, 49-379; _Houses and House-Life_, 1 ff. [190] _Ancient Society_, 227, 433 ff., 469. It is easy to see that this argument is fallacious, even when the rule of exogamy prevails. _Cf._ the criticism of STARCKE, _op. cit._, 275-77; BOTSFORD, _Athenian Constitution_, 4-7.