A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 3 of 3Howard, George Elliott
History
A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 3 of 3
Howard, George Elliott
Families; Marriage -- History
By the Delaware statute of February 3, 1832, the superior court is
authorized to grant absolute divorce, or, in its discretion, partial
divorce or merely alimony, where either spouse (1) had a lawful
husband or wife living at the time of the marriage; (2) has been
wilfully absent from the other for three years with the intention
of abandonment; (3) has committed adultery; or (4) extreme cruelty;
or (5) where the male was actually impotent when the marriage took
place.[401] Just twenty years later an entirely new grouping of
causes and kinds of separation was introduced. The superior court
is empowered to grant a full divorce (1) for adultery of the wife;
and (2) for impotency of either person at the time of marriage;
while separation from bed and board is allowed (1) for adultery of
the husband; (2) for extreme cruelty; or (3) for wilful absence of
either for three years with intent to abandon. At the same time
a distinction was made between divorce and annulment. The court
is authorized to declare null and void a marriage (1) within the
prohibited degrees of affinity or consanguinity; (2) between a white
person and a negro or mulatto; (3) where either person was insane;
or (4) had a spouse living at the time of the contract.[402] At
present the annulment of voidable contracts is still governed by the
enactment of 1852.[403]
[401] _Laws of Del._ (1832), 148-50.
[402] _Rev. Stat. of Del._ (1852), 238.
[403] _Rev. Stat._ (1893), 596.
In 1859 a revised scheme was substituted. Absolute divorce
is authorized on the same two grounds as in 1852, the unjust
discrimination regarding the husband's infidelity being still
maintained. On the other hand, "a divorce from the bond of
matrimony, or from bed and board, at the discretion of the court,"
may now be decreed for (1) adultery of the husband; (2) extreme
cruelty; (3) procurement of the marriage by force or fraud; (4) want
of legal age--sixteen for males and fourteen for females--if after
that age the marriage has not been voluntarily ratified; (5) wilful
abandonment for three years; (6) conviction in any place, before or
after marriage, of a crime deemed felony by the laws of the state;
(7) habitual gross drunkenness for three years, contracted after
marriage; or (8) three years' wilful neglect by the husband to
provide his wife with the common necessaries of life.[404]
[404] Act of Feb. 24, 1859, amending the act of 1852: _Laws_
(1859), 730, 731.
By the present law of Delaware, which has existed since 1873,
the superior court may decree absolute divorce for (1) adultery
in either spouse; (2) desertion for three years; (3) habitual
drunkenness; (4) impotency at the time of marriage; (5) extreme
cruelty; or (6) conviction of felony, as in 1859. The discretionary
grounds on which the court may grant either full or limited divorce
are now reduced to two, these in substance being nearly identical
with the fourth and eighth causes sanctioned by the statute of
1859.[405]
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