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A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 1 of 3 — John Shaqi

A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 1 of 3Baird, Spencer Fullerton

Science

A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 1 of 3

Name: A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 1 of 3
Author: Baird, Spencer Fullerton

Baird, Spencer Fullerton

Birds -- North America

II. Toes 3; all in front. Toes cleft or semipalmate            LIMICOLÆ.
                             Toes palmate. Nostrils tubular    LONGIPENNES.
                                           Nostrils not tubular  PYGOPODES.

  III. Toes 4; 2 in front, 2 behind. Bill cered and hooked          ITTACI.
              Bill neither cered nor hooked. (_Cuculi_ or _Pici_)  PICARIÆ.

   IV. Toes 4; 3 in front, 1 behind.
        1. Toes syndactyle                              (_Cuculi_) PICARIÆ.
        2. Toes totipalmate (all four full-webbed)            STEGANOPODES.
        3. Toes palmate. Bill curved up                           LIMICOLÆ.
                         Bill not curved up; lamellate      LAMELLIROSTRES.
                            not lamellate; hallux lobate         PYGOPODES.
                                           hallux not lobate   LONGIPENNES.
        4. Toes lobate. Tail rudimentary                         PYGOPODES.
                        Tail perfect. A horny frontal shield   ALECTORIDES.
                                      No horny frontal shield     LIMICOLÆ.
        5. Toes semipalmate; joined by evident movable basal web (A).
        6. Toes cleft to the base, or there immovably coherent (B).

  A. Hind toe elevated above the level of the rest.
      Tibiæ naked below. Nostrils perforate                    ALECTORIDES.
                         Nostrils imperforate.
                           Tarsi reticulate. Head bald          HERODIONES.
                                             Head feathered       LIMICOLÆ.
                           Tarsi scutellate in front              LIMICOLÆ.
      Tibiæ feathered below. Nostrils perforate                   RAPTORES.
                             Nostrils imperforate.
                              Gape reaching below eye. (_Cypseli_) PICARIÆ.
                              Gape not reaching below eye          GALLINÆ.

  AA. Hind toe inserted on the level of the rest.
      Tibiæ naked below                                         HERODIONES.
      Tibiæ feathered below. Bill cered and hooked                RAPTORES.
                             Bill not cered.
                               Nasal membrane soft and tumid       COLUMBÆ.
                               Nasal scale hard and flat           GALLINÆ.

  B. Hind toe elevated above the level of the rest.
      Gape reaching below eye                          (_Cypseli_) PICARIÆ.
      Gape not below eye.
        First primary emarginate or about equal to 2d             LIMICOLÆ.
        First primary not emarginate and much shorter than 2d  ALECTORIDES.

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A History of North American Birds; Land Birds; Vol. 1 of 3

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