_Fringilla monticola_, GM. Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 912. _Zonotrichia monticola_, GRAY, Genera. _Spinites monticolus_, CABANIS, Mus. Hein. 1851, 134. _Spizella monticola_, BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, 472.—COUES, P. A. N. S. 1861, 224 (Labrador).—COOPER & SUCKLEY, 203 (Washington Ter.).—DALL & BANNISTER, Tr. Ch. Ac. I, 1869, 285.—COOPER, Orn. Cal. 1, 206.—SAMUELS, 317. _Passer canadensis_, BRISSON, Orn. III, 1760, 102. _Fringilla canadensis_, LATH. Index, I, 1790, 434.—AUD. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 511; V, 504, pl. clxxxviii.—MAX. Cab. Jour. VI, 1858, 280. _Emberiza canadensis_, SW. F. B. Am. II, 1831, 252.—AUD. Syn. 1839.—IB. Birds Am. III, 1841, 83, pl. clxvi. _Spizella canadensis_, BON. List, 1838.—IB. Conspectus, 1850, 480. _Fringilla arborea_, WILS. Am. Orn. II, 1810, 12, pl. xii, f. 3. _Moineau du Canada_, BUFFON, Pl. Enl. 223, f. 2. “_Mountain Finch_,” LATH. Syn. II, I, 265. [Illustration: _Spizella monticola._] SP. CHAR. Middle of back with the feathers dark brown centrally, then rufous, and edged with pale fulvous (sometimes with whitish). Hood and upper part of nape continuous chestnut; a line of the same from behind the eye, as well as a short maxillary stripe. Sides of head and neck ashy. A broad light superciliary band. Beneath whitish, tinged with fulvous; the throat with ashy; a small circular blotch of brownish in the middle of the upper part of the breast; the sides chestnut. Edges of tail-feathers, primary quills, and two bands across the tips of the secondaries, white. Tertiaries nearly black; edged externally with rufous, turning to white near the tips. Lower jaw yellow; upper black. Young bird streaked on throat and breast, as well as on crown. Length, 6.25 inches; wing, 3.00. HAB. Eastern North America to the Missouri, north to Arctic Ocean; also on Pole Creek and Little Colorado River, New Mexico; Western Nevada. This species varies in the amount of whitish edging to the quills and tail. HABITS. Essentially a northern bird, the Tree Sparrow breeds in high Arctic regions, only appearing in winter within the United States. It is then common as far south as Pennsylvania. A few winter in South Carolina.