Cyanospiza. Similar in form to _Guiraca_, but culmen more curved, mandible more shallow, the angle and sinuations of the commissure less conspicuous. Color: ♂ more or less blue, without any bands on wing (except in _C. amæna_ in which they are white); ♀ olive-brown. Nest in a bush; eggs plain bluish-white (except in _C. ciris_, in which they have reddish spots). B. Wing and tail about equal. The smallest of American _Conirostres_. Nest in bushes. Eggs white, spotted. Spermophila. Bill very short and broad, scarcely longer than high, not compressed; culmen greatly curved. Color: chiefly black and white, or brown and gray. Phonipara. Bill more triangular, decidedly longer than deep, much compressed; culmen only slightly curved, or perfectly straight. Colors: dull olive-green and blackish, with or without yellow about the head. C. Wing much shorter than the tail. _a._ Head crested. Prevailing color red. Bill red or whitish. Pyrrhuloxia. Bill pyrrhuline, very short, and with the culmen greatly convex; shorter than high. Hind claw less than its digit; not much larger than the middle anterior one. Tarsus equal to the middle toe. Nest in bush or low tree; eggs white, spotted with lilac and olive. Cardinalis. Bill coccothraustine, very large; culmen very slightly convex. Wings more rounded. Feet as in the last, except that the tarsus is longer than the middle toe. Nest in bush or low tree; eggs white, spotted with lilac and olive. _b._ Head not crested. Colors black, brown, or olive, without red. Bill dusky, or bluish. Pipilo. Bill moderate; culmen and commissure curved. Hind claw very large and strong; longer than its digit. Tarsus less than the middle toe. Nest on ground or in low bush; eggs white sprinkled with red, or pale blue with black dots and lines round larger end. GENUS CALAMOSPIZA, BONAP. _Calamospiza_, BONAP. List, 1838. (Type, _Fringilla bicolor_, TOWNS.) _Corydalina_, AUDUBON, Synopsis, 1839. (Same type.) [Line drawing: _Calamospiza bicolor._ 5720 ♂]