IV. THE PLATONIC DIALECTICS 83 1. Conception of Dialectics 83 2. What is Science? 84 (1.) As opposed to Sensation 84 (2.) The Relation of Knowing to Opinion 86 (3.) The Relation of Science to Thinking 86 3. The Doctrine of Ideas in its Genesis 87 4. Positive Exposition of the Doctrine of Ideas 91 5. The Relation of Ideas to the Phenomenal World 93 6. The Idea of the Good and the Deity 95 V. THE PLATONIC PHYSICS 96 1. Nature 96 2. The Soul 98 VI. THE PLATONIC ETHICS 100 1. Good and Pleasure 100 2. Virtue 102 3. The State 102 XV.—THE OLD ACADEMY 107 XVI.—ARISTOTLE 108 I. LIFE AND WRITINGS OF ARISTOTLE 108 II. UNIVERSAL CHARACTER AND DIVISION OF THE ARISTOTELIAN PHILOSOPHY 109 III. LOGIC AND METAPHYSICS 112 1. Conception and Relation of the Two 112 2. Logic 113 3. Metaphysics 115 (1.) The Aristotelian Criticism of the Platonic Doctrine of Ideas 116 (2.) The Four Aristotelian Principles, or Causes, and the Relation of Form and Matter 120 (3.) Potentiality and Actuality 123 (4.) The Absolute Divine Spirit 124 IV. THE ARISTOTELIAN PHYSICS 127 1. Motion, Matter, Space, and Time 127 2. The Collective Universe 128 3. Nature 129 4. Man 129 V. THE ARISTOTELIAN ETHICS 131 1. Relation of Ethics to Physics 131 2. The Highest Good 132