[240] These recognizances may be with, or without, sureties; and the obligation "to keep the peace" and "to be of good behaviour" continues during such period as the Court may direct. _Cf._ p. 49, chapter iii. ante, with reference to the powers conferred on Justices of the Peace by 34 Edw. iii. c. 1. [241] Bicknell's Police Manual, p. 244. [242] 34 and 35 Vict. c. 112. [243] Female holders of licenses are not required to report themselves once a month. [244] See Bicknell's Police Manual, p. 245. [245] A complete description of the system as employed in England may be found in a pamphlet entitled "The Identification of Habitual Criminals," published by _The Police Review_. [246] See "Our absurd system of punishing crime," by Dr Robert Anderson, in _The Nineteenth Century and After_ for February 1901. [247] See also a letter of Mr Justice Wills on the same subject, in _The Times_, 21st Feb. 1901. [248] The electric telegraph was first adapted to police purposes in 1841. [249] See Kirchner's "Law and practice relative to Fugitive Offenders." [250] 42 & 43 Vict. c. 22. [251] 47 & 48 Vict. cap. 58. [252] These Regulations were revised by Sir Richard Webster (Lord Alverstone), Lord Herschell, and the Right Hon. Hugh Childers in 1886, and may be found on page 250 of Bicknell's Police Manual. [253] Now Colonel Sir Howard Vincent, M.P., the compiler of "The Police Code," and a well-known authority on police questions. [254] In 1884 the office of Director of Criminal Investigation was abolished, and the duties formerly appertaining to the office have since then been performed by an additional Assistant-Commissioner, appointed for the purpose; but the system remains practically the same as when it was first introduced in 1878. [255] See _The Times_, 6th Feb. 1888. [256] 2 & 3 Vict. c. 47, s. 22. [257] In addition to the authorized deductions made from the pay of constables, all monies arising from fines imposed on constables, or for assaults on constables, from the sale of old police clothing, from pedlars and chimney sweeps' certificates, from fines imposed by a Court of Summary Jurisdiction, for offences under the Licensing Acts 1872-74, and from certain other sources, are now carried to the Pension Fund (see Police Act, 53 & 54 Vict. c. 45). [258] 20 & 21 Vict. c. 64, s. 15. [259] See "The Story of Police Pensions," by J. Munro.--_New Review_, vol. iii. [260] 53 and 54 Vict. c. 45 (a). [261] Disorderly meetings took place on the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 23rd Oct. '87; on the last of these occasions some two thousand rioters were guilty of brawling in Westminster Abbey. [262] There is an interesting article on the "Right of Public Meeting," by Professor Dicey, in _The Contemporary Review_, April 1889. See "Annual Register," 1888. [263] 5 & 6 Will. iv. c. 76. [264] 45 & 46 Vict. c. 50. [265] 51 & 52 Vict. c. 41, &c. [266] See L.G.A., Section 9, para. 3. [267] Speech by Mr Morley at Newcastle, 21st of June 1886.