IX.—HORACE 114 X.—TIBULLUS—PROPERTIUS—THE LESSER POETS 128 XI.—OVID 143 XII.—LIVY—OTHER AUGUSTAN PROSE WRITERS 156 XIII.—TIBERIUS TO VESPASIAN 169 XIV.—THE FLAVIAN EMPERORS—THE SILVER AGE 194 XV.—NERVA AND TRAJAN 211 XVI.—THE EMPERORS AFTER TRAJAN—SUETONIUS—OTHER WRITERS 226 XVII.—LITERARY INNOVATIONS 235 XVIII.—EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS 244 XIX.—PAGAN LITERATURE OF THE THIRD CENTURY 253 XX.—THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES 259 XXI.—CONCLUSION 278 APPENDIX I.—BIBLIOGRAPHY 285 APPENDIX II.—CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 297 INDEX 303 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE AUGUSTUS, bust in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, _Frontispiece_ CICERO, bust in the Vatican Museum, Rome 65 CÆSAR, bust in the Museum at Naples 83 VIRGIL AND TWO MUSES, mosaic in the Bardo Museum, Tunis 113 BOOK I _THE PERIOD OF THE REPUBLIC_ CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION—EARLY ROMAN LITERATURE—TRAGEDY Importance of Roman literature—The Romans a practical people—The Latin language—Political purpose of Roman writings—Divisions of Roman literature—Elements of a native Roman literature—Appius Claudius Cæcus—Imitation of Greek literature—L. Livius Andronicus, about 284 to about 204 B. C.—Gnæus Nævius, about 270-199 B. C.—Q. Ennius, 239-169 B. C.—His Tragedies—The _Annales_—M. Pacuvius, 220 to about 130 B. C.—L. Accius, 170 to after 100 B. C.—The Decay of Tragedy—The Roman theatre, actors and costumes.