NELSON'S PURSUIT OF VILLENEUVE NELSON'S VICTORY BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR, OCTOBER 21, 1805 TRAFALGAR, ABOUT 12:30 EARLY IRONCLADS BUSHNELL'S TURTLE FULTON'S NAUTILUS BATTLE OF LISSA, JULY 20, 1866 BATTLE OF THE YALU, SEPTEMBER 17, 1894 APPROACHES TO MANILA BATTLE OF MANILA, MAY 1, 1898 WEST INDIES--MOVEMENTS IN SANTIAGO CAMPAIGN BATTLE OF SANTIAGO, JULY 3, 1898 THEATER OF OPERATIONS, RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR HARBOR OF PORT ARTHUR ROJDESTVENSKY'S CRUISE, OCTOBER 18, 1904-MAY 27, 1905 BATTLE OF TSUSHIMA, MAY 27, 1905 HELIGOLAND BIGHT ACTION HELIGOLAND BIGHT ACTION, FINAL PHASE, 12:30-1:40 BATTLE OF CORONEL, NOVEMBER 1, 1914 ADMIRAL VON SPEE'S MOVEMENTS BATTLE OF FALKLAND ISLANDS, DECEMBER 8, 1914 THE CRUISE OF THE EMDEN, SEPTEMBER 1-NOVEMBER 9, 1914 THEATER OF OPERATIONS, IN THE NORTH SEA DOGGER BANK ACTION, JANUARY 24, 1915 THE APPROACHES TO CONSTANTINOPLE DARDANELLES DEFENSES CRUISING FORMATION OF THE BRITISH BATTLE FLEET BEATTY'S CRUISING FORMATION TYPE OF GERMAN BATTLE CRUISER: THE DERFLINGER TYPE OF BRITISH BATTLE CRUISER: THE LION BATTLE OF JUTLAND: FIRST PHASE TYPE OF BRITISH BATTLESHIP: THE IRON DUKE BATTLE OF JUTLAND: SECOND AND THIRD PHASES TYPE OF GERMAN BATTLESHIP: THE KOENIG EFFECTS OF THE BLOCKADE OF GERMANY GERMAN BARRED ZONES OCEAN-GOING TYPES OF GERMAN SUBMARINES OSTEND-ZEEBRUGGE AREA ZEEBRUGGE HARBOR WITH GERMAN DEFENSES AND BRITISH BLOCKSHIPS BRITISH, ALLIED AND NEUTRAL MERCHANT SHIPS DESTROYED BY GERMAN RAIDERS, SUBMARINES AND MINES A HISTORY OF SEA POWER CHAPTER I THE BEGINNINGS OF NAVIES Civilization and sea power arose from the Mediterranean, and the progress of recent archeological research has shown that civilizations and empires had been reared in the Mediterranean on sea power long before the dawn of history. Since the records of Egypt are far better preserved than those of any other nation of antiquity, and the discovery of the Rosetta stone has made it possible to read them, we know most about the beginnings of civilization in Egypt. We know, for instance, that an Egyptian king some 2000 years before Christ possessed a fleet of 400 fighting ships. But it appears now that long before this time the island of Crete was a great naval and commercial power, that in the earliest dynasties of Egypt Cretan fleets were carrying on a commerce with the Nile valley. Indeed, the Cretans may have taught the Egyptians something of the art of building sea-going ships for trade and war.[1] At all events, Crete may be regarded as the first great sea power of history, an island empire like Great Britain to-day, extending its influence from Sicily to Palestine and dominating the eastern Mediterranean for many centuries. From recent excavations of the ancient capital we get an interesting light on the old Greek legends of the Minotaur and the Labyrinth, going back to the time when the island kingdom levied tribute, human as well as monetary, on its subject cities throughout the AEgean.