Professor Vladimir Simkhovich was appointed a professor of Economic History at Columbia in 1904. There he continued work which he had started at the University of Jena in 1899 on _Die Feldgemeinschaft in Russland_ and, in 1908, _Die Bauernbefreiung in Russland_. Several dissertations on Slavic subjects were accepted by the faculty of political science at Columbia, such as the _Eastern Question_ by Professor Stephan Duggan in 1902 and the _Making of the Balkan States_ by W. S. Murray in 1910. Professor Ales Hrdlicka, the distinguished Czech anthropologist and authority on the population of the Aleutian Islands, published several works on the Czechs and on the _Races of Russia_ for the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection for 1919. Professor E. A. Ross, a sociologist of the University of Wisconsin, was in Russia during the Revolution and published _Russia in Upheaval_ in 1918, _Russian Bolshevik Revolution_ in 1921, and _Russian Soviet Republics_ in 1924. Paul R. Radosavljevich, Professor of Experimental Psychology at New York University, published in 1919 the two volume work, _Who are the Slavs?_ This was a serious attempt to study Slavic psychology and to identify, if possible, features common to all Slavic nations. A psychology professor, Will S. Monroe of the New Jersey State Normal School in Montclair, traveled extensively in both Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria and published _Bohemians and Czechs_ in 1910 and _Bulgaria and its People_ in 1914. Other men who were active, some of them students of Professor Coolidge, were: Professor Arthur I. Andrews, Tufts College; Professor A. J. Shipman, Princeton; Professor Sidney Bradshaw Fay, Smith College, and Professor Bernadotte Schmitt, University of Chicago. Most of these knew Russian or one of the Slavic languages but at this period there was no generally accepted rule that the students of Slavic themes had to be familiar with the original sources and many of the dissertations and books published were by men who used materials available in French, German, or rarely, Latin. There were also many scholarly books by persons who had little or no university connections. Included in these are the translations of _Russian Poetry_ by Babette Deutsch, the wife of Dr. Yarmolinsky, and the volumes by Julius F. Hecker.