The part taken by Ur against Semitic domination in an earlier age, and her subsequent history--Organization of her resources under Ur-Engur--His claim to have founded the kingdom of Sumer and Akkad--The subjugation of Akkad by Dungi and the Sumerian national revival--Contrast in Dungi's treatment of Babylon and Eridu--Further evidence of Sumerian reaction--The conquests of Dungi's earlier years and his acquisition of regions formerly held by Akkad--His adoption of the bow as a national weapon--His Elamite campaigns and the difficulty in retaining control of conquered provinces--His change of title and assumption of divine rank--Survival of Semitic influence in Elam under Sumerian domination--Character of Dungi's Elamite administration--His reforms in the official weight-standards and the system of time-reckoning--Continuation of Dungi's policy by his successors--The cult of the reigning monarch carried to extravagant lengths--Results of administrative centralization when accompanied by a complete delegation of authority by the king--Plurality of offices and provincial misgovernment the principal causes of a decline in the power of Ur CHAPTER XI THE EARLIER RULERS OF ELAM, THE DYNASTY OF ISIN, AND THE RISE OF BABYLON Continuity of the kingdom of Sumer and Akkad and the racial character of the kings of Isin--The Elamite invasion which put an end to the Dynasty of Ur--Native rulers of Elam represented by the dynasties of Khutran-tepti and Ebarti--Evidence that a change in titles did not reflect a revolution in the political condition of Elam--No period of Elamite control in Babylonia followed the fall of Ur--Sources for the history of the Dynasty of Isin--The family of Ishbi-Ura and the cause of a break in the succession--Rise of an independent kingdom in Larsa and Ur, and the possibility of a second Elamite invasion--The family of Ur-Ninib followed by a period of unrest in Isin--Relation of the Dynasty of Isin to that of Babylon--The suggested Amorite invasion in the time of Libit-Ishtar disproved--The capture of Isin in Sin-muballit's reign an episode in the war of Babylon with Larsa--The last kings of Isin and the foundation of the Babylonian Monarchy--Position of Babylon in the later historical periods, and the close of the independent political career of the Sumerians as a race--The survival of their cultural influence CHAPTER XII THE CULTURAL INFLUENCE OF SUMER IN EGYPT, ASIA AND THE WEST