_Its Colonization--Contests with the French and Tamoyo Indians --Expulsion of the French--Foundation of St. Sebastian-- Boundaries--Division into Comarcas--Mountains--Principal Rivers--Lakes--Bays--Capes--Islands--Mineralogy--Zoology--Phytology --Cities and Towns--Boundaries, Towns, and Productions of the Comarcas of Ilha Grande and Parahiba Nova--Boundaries of the Comarca of Rio de Janeiro--The Metropolis--Situation--English Burial-Ground--Streets--Royal Mode of riding--Compulsory Homage upon the Occasion--Churches--Convents--Gloria Hill--Female Convents--Visit to one--Fountains--Visit to the Aqueduct--Squares--Palace--Public Buildings--Public Garden--Library--Manufactories--Theatre--Roads leading from the City--Palace of St. Christovāo--Troops of Miners and others from the Interior--Caza de Don Pedro--Royal Mill, Shacara, and Stables--Fire-Works--Beija Maō--Fidalgos and higher Orders of Society--Splendour of Churches--Royal Chapel--Religious Festivals and Observances--Funeral Processions--Catacombs--The Host--State of Society--Markets._ Joam de Solis, who has been already mentioned, entered the bay of Rio de Janeiro, in the year 1515, on his second voyage to South America; and about four years afterwards Fernando de Magellan, and Ruy Falleiro, a famous Portuguese mathematician who accompanied him, also remained a short time in it, bestowing upon it the name of St. Luzia. Martini Alfonso de Souza, who was engaged in an exploration of the whole coast, went into the bay on the 1st of January, 1532, and very improperly gave it the name, which it yet retains, of Rio de Janeiro, (River of January,) evincing, what would not be supposed to be possible, that he considered it a river. No attempts were made, however, to form any settlements here till the year 1555, when M. Villegagnon, a Frenchman, who had rescued Queen Mary from Scotland, with his comrades, took possession of the second island, after passing the entrance into the bay. His avowed object was that of propagating Calvinism in the new world. On this island, which took and still retains his name, he constructed the fort of Coligni, in honour of the excellent man and famous admiral, Gaspar de Coligni, his patron and warm supporter in establishing this colony, to which, in the following year, he despatched a further succour of three ships of war and near three hundred persons. King John III. of Portugal, receiving intelligence of this event, ordered Duarthe da Costa, then governor-general at Bahia, individually, to make himself acquainted with the actual state of the Protestants; but no attempts were made to displace them till after the death of the King, when Dona Catharina gave instructions to Mendo de Sa, the successor of Duarthe da Costa, to expel them, sending him two armed ships, with some caravels, which the governor augmented by some ships of war and two caravels that were in the port, and putting