Strictly speaking the archers were the artillery of the army, according to the terminology of the time,[21] the word _artillator_ being used in the time of Edward the Second to signify the officer in charge of what we now call the ordnance-stores. But to avoid confusion we must use the word in its modern sense, the more so since we find among the stores of the custodian[22] of the King's artillery in 1344 the items of saltpetre and sulphur for the manufacture of powder, and among his men six "gonners." Gun, it should be added, was the English, cannon the French name for these weapons from the beginning. It will presently be necessary to notice their first appearance in the field. As to the general organisation of the army, the whole was divided into thousands under an officer called a millenar, subdivided into hundreds, each under a centenar, and further subdivided into twenties, each under a vintenar. The commander-in-chief was usually the King in person, aided by two principal officers, the High Constable and the Marshal, whose duties were, roughly speaking, those of Adjutant and Quartermaster-General. For tactical purposes the army was distributed into three divisions, called the vanguard, battle and rearguard, which kept those names whatever their position in the field or on the march, whether the host was drawn up, as most commonly, in three lines, or in one. Trumpets were used for purposes of signalling, though so far as can be gathered they sounded no distinct calls, and were dependent for their significance on orders previously issued. The failing in this respect is the more remarkable, inasmuch as the signals of the chase with the horn were already very numerous and very clearly and accurately defined. The pay of all ranks can fortunately be supplied from the muster-roll of Calais in 1346, and although I shall not again encumber these pages with a pay-list I shall for once print it entire: The Prince of Wales 20s. a day. The Bishop of Durham 6s. 8d. " " Earls 6s. 8d. " " Barons and Bannerets 4s. " " Knights 2s. " " Esquires, Constables, } Captains, and Leaders } 1s. " " Vintenars 6d. " " Mounted Archers 6d. " " Pauncenars 6d. " " Hobelars 6d. " " Foot-Archers 3d. " " Welsh Spearmen 2d. " " " Vintenars 4d. " " Masons, Carpenters, Smiths, Engineers, Miners, Gunners, 10d., 6d., and 3d.