Great Preparations and Designs of the French 524 Supineness of Soubise 525 The Campaign opens; Ferdinand's March round Soubise's rear 526 Ferdinand's Position at Vellinghausen 527 Action of Vellinghausen 528 Ferdinand's skilful Manœuvres from July to November 531 Close of the Campaign 533 CHAPTER XI Rise of Lord Bute to power 535 Trouble with Spain; Pitt advocates War 536 Resignation of Pitt; Bute compelled to Declare War 536 The Expedition against Martinique 537 Fall of Martinique, Grenada, St. Vincent and St. Lucia 541 Expedition to Havanna 541 Mortality among the Troops 543 Expedition to Manilla 544 The War in Portugal 545 Burgoyne and the Sixteenth Light Dragoons 546 Ferdinand's Last Campaign 547 The Position of Wilhelmsthal 548 Action of Wilhelmsthal 549 The Race for Cassel 553 Position of the opposing Armies in the Ohm 554 Action of the Brückemühle 555 Fall of Cassel; Conclusion of the War 557 Ferdinand of Brunswick 557 His Difficulties with the British Troops 558 CHAPTER XII Decay of the Army's Unpopularity 562 Inefficiency of the War Office and Ordnance Office 563 Defects in the Colonial Stations 564 Reformers in the Army; Cumberland 566 Pitt; the New School of Officer 568 The Recruiting of the Army 572 Depots and Drafts 576 Recruiting in America 578 Condition of the Private Soldier 579 Nicknames; Bands; Medals 583 Reforms in the Cavalry; Increase of Dragoons 584 Light Dragoons 585 Reforms in the Artillery 587 Reforms in the Infantry 589 German Models and British Experience 592 APPENDIX A. 595