------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcriber’s Note: This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects. Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_. In the front matter, blackletter font is delimited by ‘=’. A diacritical mark, a comma above a ‘C’ or ‘X’, is represented here as a quotation mark, e.g. ‘C̓echwayo’ or ‘X̓osa’. Footnotes have been moved to follow the chapters in which they are referenced. Any text employed in the maps also have been moved to fall on a paragraph break. Errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected. Please see the transcriber’s note at the end of this text for details regarding the handling of any issues encountered during its preparation. =Cambridge Historical Series= EDITED BY G. W. PROTHERO, F.B.A., LITT.D. HON. LL.D. OF EDINBURGH AND HARVARD, AND HONORARY FELLOW OF KING’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE THE COLONIZATION OF AFRICA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS =London=: FETTER LANE, E.C. C. F. CLAY, MANAGER [Illustration] =Edinburgh=: 100, PRINCES STREET =Berlin=: A. ASHER AND CO. =Leipzig=: F. A. BROCKHAUS =New York=: G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS =Bombay and Calcutta=: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. _All rights reserved_ A HISTORY OF THE COLONIZATION OF AFRICA BY ALIEN RACES BY SIR HARRY H. JOHNSTON, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., HON. SC.D. CANTAB. _WITH EIGHT MAPS_ NEW EDITION, REVISED THROUGHOUT AND CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED Cambridge: at the University Press 1913 _First Edition 1899. Reprinted 1899, 1905._ _Second and enlarged Edition 1913._ GENERAL PREFACE _The aim of this series is to sketch the history of Modern Europe, with that of its chief colonies and conquests, from about the end of the fifteenth century down to the present time. In one or two cases the story commences at an earlier date: in the case of the colonies it generally begins later. The histories of the different countries are described, as a rule, separately; for it is believed that, except in epochs like that of the French Revolution and Napoleon I, the connection of events will thus be better understood and the continuity of historical development more clearly displayed._