It is more correct to spell this tribal name _Tawareq_, the plural of Tarqi, “a raider.” But the modern pronunciation of this Arab term (it is unknown to the Berbers themselves) is “Tuareg.” Wherever in this book _q_ is used in transliterating African words it stands for the faucal “k” of the Arabs and other Semites, a guttural which is more commonly pronounced as a _g_ in North Africa. Footnote 7: In which region they may have been preceded by Bushmen, and by a more generalized, Tasmanian-like type of man, similar to the Galley-Hill man who inhabited Kent and Central Europe approximately 100,000 years ago. Footnote 8: So called by Professor W. F. Petrie and others because the type is illustrated in the many portraits of the Pharaohs of Egyptian dynasties. Footnote 9: To be followed, with no return to sovereigns of real Egyptian race, by Arabs, Turks, Circassians, Albanians, Macedonians, Armenians, French, and British. Footnote 10: Some writers reserve “Hamite” and “Hamitic” for the general name of the language family which includes the Libyan and the eastern Hamitic tongues, and employ Kushite as a special designation for the great eastern branch of Hamitic speech-forms which extends its range through North-east Africa from Egypt to the Equator. The main groups of these eastern Hamitic or Kushite languages are the _Beja_ or _Bisharin_ of the Red Sea north-west coast and the country between the Nile and Suakin; the _Saho_ of the Abyssinian coast-lands; the _Afar-Danakil-Somali_ group; the _Agau-Bilin_ of the Abyssinian highlands; the _Gala_, stretching from central Abyssinia to the Juba and Tana rivers; and the _Kafa_ of south-west Galaland, reaching southward to near Lake Rudolf. In the south-west of the Ethiopian Empire there are many unclassified Hamitic dialects (as there are in northern German East Africa) which are much mixed with negro word-roots and syntax. These almost merge into the Masai and Nilotic. Footnote 11: This word is evidently derived from the Zambezi Bantu words _Mwene-mutapa_ = Lord of the Mine. Another form “Bena mutapa” for the people might be translated “Brothers of the mine”—Bena (Baina) in Old Bantu = brothers, or “clan.” Footnote 12: Although the people of west and south Madagascar are very negroid in appearance and those of the north are evidently mixed with Arab and Indian blood, the Malay-like Malagasy language is the one universal speech throughout the whole island. It contains, however, loan words from Himyaritic Arabic and from East African Bantu. Footnote 13: