〃 2. THE LEARNED, FOREIGN AND PECULIAR CHARACTERS 57 〃 3. THE PRINTER LETTER-FOUNDERS, FROM CAXTON TO DAY 83 〃 4. LETTER FOUNDING AS AN ENGLISH MECHANICAL TRADE 102 〃 5. THE STATE CONTROL OF ENGLISH LETTER FOUNDING 123 〃 6. THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY FOUNDRY 137 〃 7. THE STAR CHAMBER FOUNDERS, AND THE LONDON POLYGLOT 164 〃 8. JOSEPH MOXON 180 〃 9. THE LATER FOUNDERS OF THE 17TH CENTURY 193 〃 10. THOMAS AND JOHN JAMES 212 〃 11. WILLIAM CASLON 232 〃 12. ALEXANDER WILSON 257 〃 13. JOHN BASKERVILLE 268 〃 14. THOMAS COTTRELL 288 〃 15. JOSEPH AND EDMUND FRY 298 〃 16. JOSEPH JACKSON 315 〃 17. WILLIAM MARTIN 330 〃 18. VINCENT FIGGINS 335 〃 19. THE MINOR FOUNDERS OF THE 18TH CENTURY 345 〃 20. WILLIAM MILLER 355 〃 21. THE MINOR FOUNDERS FROM 1800 TO 1830 357 {xiii} LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE 1.—Types cast from leaden matrices, _circ._ 1500 16 2.—Specimen illustrating the variations in the face of type, produced by bad casting 18 3.—Type mould of Claude Garamond. Paris, 1540. From Duverger 23 4.—Profile tracings from M. Claudin’s 15th century types 21 5.—A 15th century type. From M. Madden’s _Lettres d’un Bibliographe_ 24 6.—A 15th century type. From _Liber de Laudibus...Mariæ_, _circ._ 1468 24 7.—Roman letter. From the _Sophologium_, Wiedenbach? 1465–70? 42 8.—Roman and Black letter intermixed. From Traheron’s _Exposition of St. John_, 1552 45 9.—Robijn Italic, cut by Chr. van Dijk. From the original matrices 52 10.—Gothic Type or Lettre de Forme, _circ._ 1480. From the original matrices 53 11.—Philosophie Flamand engraved by Fleischman, 1743. From the original matrices 54 12.—Lettre de Civilité, cut by Ameet Tavernier for Plantin, _circ._ 1570. From the original matrices 56