TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE * Italics are denoted by underscores as in _italics_, and small caps are represented in upper case as in SMALL CAPS. * Obvious printer errors have been silently corrected. * Original spelling was kept, but variant spellings were made consistent when a predominant usage was found. * To aid referencing places and names in present-day maps and documents, outdated and current spellings of some proper names follow: Aguilar del Campo, now Aguilar de Campóo, Albuquerque, now Alburquerque, Alcaniz, now Alcañiz, Alemtejo, now Alentejo, Aljafferia, now Aljafería, Aljubarotta, now Aljubarrota, Almanza, now Almansa, Ampurdam, now Ampurdán, Arens de Mar, now Arenys de Mar, Arguelles, now Argüelles, Baylen, now Bailén, Bergara, now Vergara, Bidassoa, now Bidasoa, Biscay, now Vizcaya, Busaco, now Buçaco, Cacabellos, now Cacabelos, Cascaes, now Cascais, Castro Gonzalo, now Castrogonzalo, Compostella, now Compostela, Constantino, now Constantín (Baralla, Lugo), Cordova or Cordoue, now Córdoba, Corunna, now La Coruña, Despeña Perros, now Despeñaperros, Elvina, now Elviña, Estremadura, now Extremadura (for Spain), Estremadura (for Portugal), Freneda, now Freineda, Gihon, now Gijón, Guadalaviar (river), now Turia, Guarraman, now Guarromán, Huerba (river), now Huerva, La Baneza, now La Bañeza, Liñares, now Linares, Loxa, now Loja, Mulhaçen, now Mulhacén, Nava (river), now Navia, Noguera (river), now Noguera Ribagorzana, Oña (river), now Oñar, Pallaresa (river), now Noguera Pallaresa, Pampeluna, now Pamplona, Penilla, now Pinilla, Peñas de Europa, now Picos de Europa, Pezo-de-Ragoa, now Peso da Régua, Porcuña, now Porcuna, Praganza, now Pregança, Puycerda, now Puigcerdá, Requeña, now Requena, Reynosa, now Reinosa, San Estevan del Puerto, now Santisteban del Puerto, Sanguesa, now Sangüesa, Saragossa, now Zaragoza, Setuval, now Setúbal, Siguenza, now Sigüenza, Tagus, now Tajo, Tajuna, now Tajuña, Toreño, now Toreno, Truxillo, now Trujillo, Valdestillos, now Vasdestillas,