A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 6, September 1, 1812-August 5, 1813 : $b The siege of Burgos, the retreat from Burgos, the campaign of Vittoria, the battles of the PyreneesOman, Charles
History
A history of the Peninsular War, Vol. 6, September 1, 1812-August 5, 1813 : $b The siege of Burgos, the retreat from Burgos, the campaign of Vittoria, the battles of the Pyrenees
Oman, Charles
Peninsular War, 1807-1814
After much debate Joseph and Jourdan chose the former plan, influenced
mainly, as the Marshal writes in his Memoirs, by the fact that to
give up Madrid as the capital, and to remove to Valladolid, would be
a death-blow to the prestige of the Franco-Spanish monarchy. It would
matter little whether Madrid were actually abandoned, or held as a
precarious outpost: in either case Joseph could no longer pretend
to be King of Spain[256]. In addition it must be remembered that to
give up New Castile and La Mancha would leave Suchet in a position of
isolation at Valencia, far too much advanced, and quite out of touch
with the other armies, and also that from the administrative point of
view Joseph had always regarded the revenues which he drew from Madrid
and New Castile as the only solid part of his very modest and irregular
budget. That a great error of choice was made is undoubted; but its
ruinous nature was only to be revealed by circumstances which the King
and the Marshal could not possibly have foreseen on November 20, 1812.
When they made their decision neither they nor any one at Paris, or
elsewhere in Western Europe, had a notion of the awful _débâcle_ which
was in progress in Russia. Napoleon had evacuated Moscow a month back;
he was now in disastrous retreat from Smolensk toward the Berezina,
with an army that was already crumbling under his hands. But that
the whole of it was destined to perish during the next few days, and
that France was to be left unguarded by any _Grande Armée_ when the
new year came, seemed an incredible contingency. Joseph and Jourdan
expected to draw from the Emperor drafts and reinforcements in 1813, as
they had even in 1812. If they had guessed that, instead, he would be
drawing drafts and reinforcements from them, they would have adopted
a different policy. But the celebrated ‘29th Bulletin’ was published
in Paris only on December 3rd, and did not get to Madrid till January
6th,[257] and even that dismal document did not reveal the full extent
of the ruin. It was not, indeed, till private letters from survivors
of the Moscow retreat began to drift in, three weeks later, that the
French head-quarters in Spain realized what the month of November had
meant in Russia.
It was quite natural, then, that King Joseph should have made up
his mind, at the end of the Burgos retreat, that he would occupy so
much of the regained regions as was possible, and would make Madrid
once more his residence and the centre of his operations. He was
right in believing that he had at least four months before him for
reorganization and reconstruction: Wellington was too hard hit to be
able to move before April at the earliest.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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