CHAPTER. PAGE I. Formative Causes .......................................... 5 II. Ancient and Modern Slavery ................................ 11 III. Beginning of Slavery in the United States ................. 22 IV. The Early Federal Government .............................. 28 V. The Missouri Compromise ................................... 42 VI. The Abolitionists ......................................... 51 VII. Compromise of 1850 ........................................ 59 VIII. Birth of the Republican Party ............................. 70 IX. First Republican National Convention ...................... 86 X. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates ............................... 101 XI. Lincoln ................................................... 112 XII. Reconstruction and the National Debt ...................... 135 XIII. Grant ..................................................... 148 XIV. Hayes ..................................................... 170 XV. Garfield and Arthur ....................................... 185 XVI. Blaine .................................................... 201 XVII. Harrison .................................................. 213 XVIII. Cleveland's Second Term ................................... 230 XIX. McKinley .................................................. 244 XX. Roosevelt ................................................. 285 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.