Such is, in brief, the diplomatic history of the intervention of the United States in the Great War. Yet there is another angle from which it can be viewed, whereby it seems not only inevitable but strangely symbolic. The same century that saw across the Atlantic the birth of the young Republic, saw in the very centre of Europe the rise of another new Power. Remote as the two were, and unlikely as it must have seemed at the time that they could ever cross each other's paths, they were in a strange fashion at once parallel and antipodean. Neither has grown in the ordinary complex yet unconscious fashion of nations. Both were, in a sense, artificial products. Both were founded on a creed. And the creeds were exactly and mathematically opposed. According to the creed of Thomas Jefferson, all men were endowed by their Creator with equal rights. According to the creed of Frederick Hohenzollern there was no Creator, and no one possessed any rights save the right of the strongest. Through more than a century the history of the two nations is the development of the two ideas. It would have seemed unnatural if the great Atheist State, in its final bid for the imposition of its creed on all nations, had not found Jefferson's Republic among its enemies. That anomaly was not to be. That flag which, decked only with thirteen stars representing the original revolted colonies, had first waved over Washington's raw levies, which, as the cluster grew, had disputed on equal terms with the Cross of St. George its ancient lordship of the sea, which Jackson had kept flying over New Orleans, which Scott and Taylor had carried triumphantly to Monterey, which on a memorable afternoon had been lowered over Sumter, and on a yet more memorable morning raised once again over Richmond, which now bore its full complement of forty-eight stars, symbolizing great and free States stretching from ocean to ocean, appeared for the first time on a European battlefield, and received there as its new baptism of fire a salute from all the arsenals of Hell. INDEX Aberdeen, Lord, Calhoun's reply to, 118 Abolitionists, Southern, no attempt to suppress, 132; hold Congress in Baltimore, 132; Northern, different attitudes of, 132; their hostility to the Union, 133; their sectional character, 133; Southern Abolitionism killed by, 133; anger of South against, 134; unpopularity of, in North, 135; acquiesce in Secession, 164 Adams, Francis, American Minister in London, 192; protests against the sailing of the _Alabama_, 192 Adams, John, opposed by Democrats for Vice-President, 57; chosen President by Electoral College, 62; his character and policy, 62-63; defeated by Jefferson, 63; refuses to receive Jefferson at the White House, 67; fills offices with Federalists, 67