Adams, John Quincey, leaves Federalist Party, 71; a candidate for the Presidency, 92; chosen President by House of Representatives, 94; appoints Clay Secretary of State, 95; unpopularity of his government, 96; defeated by Jackson, 96 Alabama secedes from the Union, 161 _Alabama_, the, built in Liverpool, 191; her devastations, 191; Great Britain declared responsible for, 192; compensation paid on account of, 192 Alexander I. of Russia wishes to intervene in America, 87 Aliens Law, 63 America, discovery of, 1; claimed by Spain, 3; English colonies in, 3; European intervention in, forbidden by Monroe Doctrine, 88. (_See also_ United States) Anderson, Major, in command of Fort Sumter, 172; surrenders, 173 Andre, Major, relations of, with Arnold, 33; shot as a spy, 33 Antietam, Battle of, 189 Anti-Masonic Party formed, 112 Anti-Slavery Societies, Conference of, at Baltimore, 132; dissolve themselves, 227 Arkansas, only new Slave State possible under Missouri Compromise, 86; rejects Secession, 171; secedes, 175 Arizona acquired from Mexico, 122; open to Slavery, 126 Arnold, Benedict, career of, 32; treason of, 33; commands in South, 33 Arthur, President, succeeds Garfield, 229 Appomattox Court House, Lee's surrender at, 202 Atlanta, Georgia, Sherman moves on, 199; fate of, 200 Baltimore, Maryland, Congress of Anti-Slavery Societies meets in, 132; Douglas Democrats hold Convention at, 154; Union troops stoned in, 177 Baltimore, Lord, a Catholic, 4; founds colony of Maryland, 4; his family deposed, 5 Bank, United States, creation of, proposed by Hamilton, 56; opposition to, 56; constitutionality of, disputed, 56; Washington signs Bill for, 57; Supreme Court decides in favour of, 57; revived after War of 1812, 85; power--unpopularity of, 102-103; Jackson's attitude towards, 103; corrupt influence of, 103; Bill for re-charter of, passes Congress, 103; vetoed by Jackson, 103; Whig championship of, 105; elections adverse to, 105; Jackson removes deposits from, 106; its end, 106 Beaumarchais, instrumental in supplying arms to the Colonists, 30 Beauregard, General, opposed to McDowell in Virginia, 180; commands at Bull Run, 180; rallies Southern troops, 180; attacks Grant at Shiloh, 184 Belgium, Prussian invasion of, 237 Black, Judge, supports the Union, 165; urges reinforcement of Fort Sumter, 172 Blaine, James G., implicated in Erie Railway scandal, 228; character of, 229; candidate for Presidency, 229-230; defeated by Cleveland, 230 Blair, Francis, saves Missouri for the Union, 176 Bland, Richard, appeals to "the Law of Nature," 16 Boon, Daniel, 71 Booth, John Wilkes, assassinates Lincoln, 208; death of, 208 "Border Ruffians," 143, 150