* * * * * REFERENCES.—GENERAL WORKS: same as for Chapter XIII., with the addition of: Henry Adams, _History of the United States_ (1800–1817, 9 vols.). SPECIAL WORKS: J. Schouler, _Thomas Jefferson_ (“Makers of America”); H. S. Randall, _Thomas Jefferson_ (3 vols.); J. Parton, _Thomas Jefferson_, _Aaron Burr_; Henry Adams, _Albert Gallatin_, _John Randolph_ (“American Statesmen”); A. B. Magruder, _John Marshall_ (“American Statesmen”). See also T. Roosevelt, _Winning of the West_, Vol. IV.; and the writings of Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin. E. E. Hale’s _Philip Nolan’s Friends_ deals with Burr’s Conspiracy, and G. W. Cable’s _Grandissimes_ with New Orleans shortly after the American occupation. ----- [115] This address is still often quoted, especially by leaders of the Democratic party, and it deserves to be carefully read by all who desire to understand the cardinal principles of Jefferson’s political philosophy. Many of its phrases have become political maxims to which members of every party would subscribe. [116] Born at Geneva, Switzerland, 1761; died at Astoria, Long Island, 1849. Was educated at Geneva, and came to America, 1780; settled as manufacturer in Pennsylvania in 1784; rose rapidly as leader of the Democratic-Republican party; in national House of Representatives, 1795–1801; showed great ability, especially on financial topics; was made Secretary of the Treasury by Jefferson; held the position from 1801 to 1813; was peace commissioner in negotiating Treaty of Ghent, 1813–1814; Minister to France, 1816–1823; envoy extraordinary to Great Britain in 1826; became bank president in New York City. [117] Born, 1755; died, 1835. The greatest of American jurists; served as soldier at Brandywine and Monmouth; contended successfully against Patrick Henry in behalf of a ratification of the Constitution in 1788; was envoy to France with Gerry and Pinckney, 1797; congressman, 1799–1800; Secretary of State, 1800–1801; Chief Justice of Supreme Court from 1801 till his death. [118] Yet West Point was founded in 1802. [119] Born in Maryland, 1779; died, 1820. Began service in the navy, 1798; distinguished himself against Tripoli in 1804; commanded the Atlantic squadron in 1812, and captured the British ship _Macedonian_; humbled the Barbary States in 1815; was navy commissioner from 1816 to 1820, when he was killed in a duel with Commodore Barron, who had been found by court-martial guilty of negligence in commanding the _Chesapeake_ against the _Leopard_ (§ 293).