The University sides with the King and the Church—The Commons issue an order for the University—Contributions for the King’s service, and first occupation of Oxford by Parliamentary troops—Oxford becomes the royal head-quarters—Aspect of the University during the Queen’s residence—The last two years of the civil war—Siege of Oxford, and proposals of Fairfax guaranteeing University privileges—Surrender of Oxford, and subsequent condition of the University 122 CHAPTER XII. THE PARLIAMENTARY VISITATION AND THE COMMONWEALTH. Measures preparatory to the Visitation—Appointment of the Visitors and the Standing Committee of Parliament—Early proceedings of the Visitors, and suppression of resistance from the University—Visitation of colleges. Submissions and expulsions—Reception of Fairfax and Cromwell—Second Board of Visitors—Third Board of Visitors, and conclusion of the Visitation—State of the University on the recovery of its independence 138 CHAPTER XIII. THE PERIOD BETWEEN THE RESTORATION AND THE REVOLUTION. The Restoration and new Visitation of the University—Extension of University buildings. Sheldonian Theatre—Growth of æsthetic tastes and social refinement—First visit of Charles II.—Second visit of Charles II. Parliament assembled and dissolved at Oxford—Doctrine of passive resistance adopted by the University. Expulsion of Locke—Conduct of the University on the outbreak of Monmouth’s rebellion. James II.’s treatment of Magdalen College 151 CHAPTER XIV. UNIVERSITY POLITICS BETWEEN THE REVOLUTION AND THE ACCESSION OF GEORGE III. Attitude of the University towards the Revolution. Visit of William III.—Origin of Oxford Jacobitism. Visit of Queen Anne—Popularity of Sacheverell. Position of the Whig minority—Jacobite demonstrations. A troop of horse sent to Oxford—The Constitution Club. Government scheme for reforming the University—Gradual decline of Jacobitism in Oxford during the reign of George II.—Revival of loyalty after the accession of George III.—His visits to Oxford 162 CHAPTER XV. UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Decay of University education in the eighteenth century—Contemporary evidence—Decline in numbers and dearth of eminence in science and literature—Counter-evidence showing that education and learning were not wholly neglected 174 CHAPTER XVI. THE UNIVERSITY DURING THE REIGNS OF GEORGE III. AND GEORGE IV.