A species of Attalea common in the Serra d’Estrella. It bears two or three large bunches of olive-like berries, hanging immediately below the crown of leaves. The upper part of the stem is often overgrown with parasites, as in the specimen represented here. From a photograph by G. Leuzinger. Page TREE ENTWINED BY SIPOS 54 There are a great many parasites, the stem and roots of which are attached to larger trees; this woodcut represents one of those strange “tree-killers,” as they are called by the natives, belonging to the family of the Fig-trees, which, beginning their growth among the upper branches of trees, gradually descend to the ground, throw out branches around the stem they attack, and in the end kill it in their embrace. On the right are Lianas, from which hang parasitic flowers. From a photograph by G. Leuzinger. SIDE VIEW OF THE ALLEY OF PALMS 60 Part of the Botanical Garden in Rio de Janeiro. In the foreground a Pandanus covered with fruits. The Palms standing in pairs in the great alley are commonly called Palma Real. Their botanical name is Oreodoxa oleracea. The peak of Corcovado forms the background. From a photograph by Messrs. Stahl & Wahnschaffe. VISTA DOWN THE ALLEY OF PALMS 61 The objects are the same as in the preceding woodcut, only seen at right angles, to afford a view down the alley. From a photograph by Messrs. Stahl & Wahnschaffe. BOTAFOGO BAY 81 The great southeastern bay in the harbor of Rio de Janeiro. The highest peak in the centre is the Corcovado, at the foot of which stand the Insane Asylum and the Military School. On the left are the Gavia and the Sugar-Loaf; on the right, Tijuca. A beach runs all round the bay. From a photograph by G. Leuzinger. MINA NEGRESS 83 From a photograph by Messrs. Stahl & Wahnschaffe. MINA NEGRESS AND CHILD 84 From a photograph by Messrs. Stahl & Wahnschaffe. FALLEN TRUNK OVERGROWN BY PARASITES 91 A comparison with the woodcut facing p. 54 will show how parasites growing upon living trees differ from those springing from dead trunks. From a photograph by G. Leuzinger. FAZENDA DE SANTA ANNA, IN MINAS GERAES 103 The level grounds in front of the buildings are used for drying the coffee. From a photograph by Senhor Machado. ESPERANÇA’S COTTAGE 179