Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) A LECTURE ON THE STUDY OF HISTORY MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED LONDON . BOMBAY . CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK . BOSTON . CHICAGO ATLANTA . SAN FRANCISCO THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO A LECTURE ON THE STUDY OF HISTORY _DELIVERED AT CAMBRIDGE, JUNE 11, 1895_ BY LORD ACTON LL.D., D.C.L. REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1911 RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, BRUNSWICK STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S. E., AND BUNGAY, SUFFOLK _First Edition, October, 1895. Second Edition, January, 1896. Reprinted, 1905, 1911._ FELLOW STUDENTS, I look back to-day to a time before the middle of the century, when I was reading at Edinburgh, and fervently wishing to come to this University. At three colleges I applied for admission, and, as things then were, I was refused by all. Here, from the first, I vainly fixed my hopes, and here, in a happier hour, after five-and-forty years, they are at last fulfilled. [Sidenote: UNITY OF MODERN HISTORY] I desire first to speak to you of that which I may reasonably call the Unity of Modern History, as an easy approach to questions necessary to be met on the threshold by any one occupying this place, which my predecessor has made so formidable to me by the reflected lustre of his name. You have often heard it said that Modern History is a subject to which neither beginning nor end can be assigned. No beginning, because the dense web of the fortunes of man is woven without a void; because, in society as in nature, the structure is continuous, and we can trace things back uninterruptedly, until we dimly descry the Declaration of Independence in the forests of Germany. No end, because, on the same principle, history made and history making are scientifically inseparable and separately unmeaning. [Sidenote: LINK BETWEEN HISTORY AND POLITICS]