Transcriber's Note: Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by =equal signs=. - Manus Island, page 202. No location named. Should probably be East Indies. - Gulf of Kas, page 195. Missing longitude. - Fitze-long Bay, page 187. Wrong map coordinates. - The Index lists Dharmapuri, Diggi, Kang-ping and Radhan as having Glossary entries which do not exist. - Alternative spellings of Ibn Batuta include Batutu, Batatu, and Batouka. - Inconsistencies between latitude and longitude in the Index and the Glossary have been left as printed, including Ajmere, Bahera, Bitlis, Carmel, the Dead Sea, Deogarh, Dharwar, Diarbekr, Dondra Head, Elichpur, Hugli, Kagoshima, and Kamagawa. EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY EDITED BY ERNEST RHYS REFERENCE A LITERARY AND HISTORICAL ATLAS OF ASIA THE PUBLISHERS OF _EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY_ WILL BE PLEASED TO SEND FREELY TO ALL APPLICANTS A LIST OF THE PUBLISHED AND PROJECTED VOLUMES TO BE COMPRISED UNDER THE FOLLOWING THIRTEEN HEADINGS: TRAVEL SCIENCE FICTION THEOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY HISTORY CLASSICAL FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ESSAYS ORATORY POETRY & DRAMA BIOGRAPHY REFERENCE ROMANCE IN FOUR STYLES OF BINDING: CLOTH, FLAT BACK, COLOURED TOP, LEATHER, ROUND CORNERS, GILT TOP; LIBRARY BINDING IN CLOTH, & QUARTER PIGSKIN LONDON: J. M. DENT & SONS, LTD. NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO. [Illustration: To THE WISE MAN ALL THE WORLD'S A SOIL BEN JONSON] A LITERARY & HISTORICAL ATLAS OF ASIA J G. BARTHOLOMEW LL.D LONDON: PUBLISHED by J·M·DENT & SONS LTD AND IN NEW YORK BY E·P·DUTTON & CO INTRODUCTION Fourth in the series of special atlases designed for "Everyman's Library" the present volume deals with the countries of Asia, whose history and geography, and whose possibilities, great and grave, are alike reflected in the maps and charts that follow. When Queen Elizabeth granted to certain merchants of London a charter that gave them a roving commission to trade in the East Indies, she could not foresee the immense developments that were to rise from that adventurous commerce between east and west. The successive maps of India with their frontier changes mark the gradual advance of an old world toward the new one knit by powerful mutual ties to the Isle of Britain; and recently we have seen what it is to be hoped will open a greater era for those regions, marked by a return to the old capital of Delhi, and a resuming of ancient rites which first gained their symbolism in those lands.