A Literary and Historical Atlas of AsiaBartholomew, J. G. (John George)
History
A Literary and Historical Atlas of Asia
Bartholomew, J. G. (John George)
Asia -- Historical geography -- Maps; Asia -- Maps; Coinage -- Asia -- History
_Moghul Emperors._--The Moghul Emperors made but little change in the
types and standards of the coins of their predecessors, but gave the
standard gold coin the name mohur, while the silver was called the
rupee. Plate VII. 2 is a mohur of Jalal-al-Din ("Glory of the Faith"),
Mohammad Akbar (1556-1605 A.D.), struck at Agra in 976 A.H. (1568 A.D.),
similar in type to Sher Shah's tanka (Plate VI. 14). The coins of his
son Nur-al-Din ("Light of the Faith"), Mohammad Jahangir (1605-1627
A.D.), are the most remarkable of the series. Plate VII. 3, a mohur of
Jahangir, is a fine specimen of calligraphy (obverse, Mohammadan creed;
reverse, titles and mint; Lahore, 1015 A.H.), while Plate VII. 4 is the
obverse (Ram) of a mohur of the remarkable series issued by him bearing
the signs of the zodiac. Jahangir was, like many of the Moghuls, a heavy
drinker, and went so far as to portray himself with the wine cup in his
hand on a well-known mohur (Plate VII. 5). Plate VII. 6, a mohur of his
successor Shihab-al-Din ("Flame of the Faith"), Shah Jahan (1628-1659),
is typical of the coinage of the period (obverse as Plate VII. 2,
reverse, titles; Agra, 1050 A.H. (1640 A.D.)). His successor, Aurangzib
(1659-1707 A.D.), replaced the religious legends on the obverse by the
mint and date, and this remained the usual type to the end of the
series. (Plate VII. 7, mohur of Shah Alam II. 1759-1806 A.D.; Delhi,
1205 A.H.).
At the end of the eighteenth century numerous states became practically
independent of the Great Moghul, but struck coins which still bore his
name. When the last Moghul Emperor was deposed in 1858, the name of
Queen Victoria began to appear on the coins of such native states as
were allowed to continue issuing coins. To attain uniformity in the
currency of the empire this right has been gradually curtailed by the
British government, and is now exercised only by a few of the more
important states, such as Hyderabad, which issues coins struck by modern
European machinery.
_Assam and Nepal._--Two important Hindu kingdoms, Assam and Nepal, were
never subject to the Moghuls. The kings of Assam issued an extensive
coinage (octagonal in form) till their territory was acquired by Britain
(Plate VII. 8, rupee "of the divine king Siva Sinha (1714-1744 A.D.) a
bee on the lotus feet of Hara and Gauri"). Plate VII. 9 is a silver
mohur of Prthvi Vira Vikrama (1881) of Nepal, the reigning Maharaja of
Nepal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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