=Ani=, Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 43E. Ancient Armenian capital. Taken by Greeks, 1045; by Seljuks, 1064. Destroyed by earthquake, 1319. =Anjangaon=, Berar. 21N. 77E. Treaty signed between British and Daulat Rao Sindhia after second Mahratta War, 1803. =Anjengo=, Madras. 9N. 77E. Bp. of historian, Robert Orme, and res. of Eliza Draper, friend of Laurence Sterne. =Anjidiv=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Island visited by Ibn Batatu, 1342; by Vasco da Gama, 1498. Occupied by Portuguese, 1505. Mentioned by Ptolemy. =Ankai Tonkai=, Bombay. 20N. 74E. Conquered by Shah Jehan, 1635; occupied by British, 1818. =Antioch=, Syria. 36N. 36E. F. by Seleucus Nicator, c. 300 B.C. Scene of St. Paul's first ministry. Destroyed by earthquakes, 526, 1872. Ruined by Persians, 538; taken by Saracens, 658; by Turks, 1516. Bp. of Archias, St. Luke, and Chrysostom. (See Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.') =An-tung=, Manchuria. 40N. 125E. General Kuroki established here during Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905. (See McKenzie's 'From Tokyo to Tiflis.') =Anupshahr=, United Provs. 28N. 78E. Occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani, 1757; by British, 1773. =Arafat= ('the mountain of mercy'), Arabia. 21N. 40E. Mountain on which Adam and Eve are alleged to have met after the fall. Scene of many Mohammedan pilgrimages. (See Burton's 'Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.') =Arantangi=, Madras. 10N. 79E. Seized by Raghunatha Levan, c. 1646, 1698. =Ararat=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 44E. One of mountains in Asia on which Noah's ark is said to have rested. Parrot first ascended Great Ararat, 1829. Severe earthquake experienced, 1840. (See 'Travels of Marco Polo.') =Arcot= ('six deserts'), Madras. 13N. 79E. Contains ruins of Nawab's palace. Mentioned by Ptolemy. Clive defended city successfully against siege, 1751. =Ardahan=, Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 43E. Successfully stormed by Russians, 1877; ceded to Russia by Turkey, 1878. =Argaum=, Berar. 21N. 77E. Mahrattas defeated by Wellesley, 1803. =Arginusæ Is.=, off W. coast of Asia Minor. 39N. 27E. Spartan fleet defeated by Athenians near these islands, 406 B.C. =Arjesh=, Turkish Armenia. 39N. 43E. Taken by Jelal-ed-Din, 1228. Destroyed by earthquake, 1246. =Arni=, Madras. 13N. 79E. Clive defeated Raja Sahib and French forces, 1751. =Aror=, Bombay. 28N. 69E. Captured by Mohammedans, c. 712. =Arpad=, Syria. 37N. 37E. Taken by Tiglath Pileser II., 740 B.C. =Arrah=, Bengal. 26N. 85E. In Indian Mutiny 12 Englishmen and 50 Sikhs held out against 3000 Sepoys for 8 days, 1857. =Artaxata=, Russian Armenia. 39N. 45E. Ancient capital of Armenia, now in ruins. Hannibal supposed to have superintended building of city; named after Artaxis I., c. 180 B.C. Destroyed by Romans, 58; by Persians, 370. Joseph, the patriarch, presided over ecclesiastical council, 450. =Ashdod=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Captured by Jonathan, 147 B.C. Mentioned by Herodotus. Contained famous temple of Dagon. (See Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')