=Elburz=, Persia. 37N. 50E. Mountains, on one of which Saum exposed his son Zalzer. (See Firdausi's 'Sha Name.') =El Elah=, Arabia. 26N. 39E. Visited by C. M. Doughty, and described in 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.' =Elephanta=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Sacred island in Hindu mythology, containing many temples. =Ellichpur=, Berar. 21N. 77E. F. by Rajah Ellon. Besieged by Mahrattas, 1772; taken by Ala-Eddin, 1794. =Ellora=, Haidarabad. 20N. 75E. Contains wonderful temples to Buddha hewn out of rock. The Kailasa temple possesses sculptures of scenes from the 'Ramayana' and the 'Mahabharata.' =Endor=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Place where witch summoned before Saul the spirit of Samuel, who foretold his defeat and death. =Engedi= ('goat's spring'), Palestine. 31N. 35E. Frequently mentioned in the Bible, especially as the wilderness to which David fled from Saul. Pliny refers to it as a ruin. =Enoshima=, Japan. 35N. 140E. An island near Yokohama containing celebrated shrine. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.') =Ephesus=, Asia Minor. 38N. 27E. Said to have been f. by Amazons, or by Androcles, son of Codrus. Taken by the Arabs from the Persians, 1283. Famous as a sacred city of Artemis. The first Christian church established here, of which Timothy was bishop. John the Baptist and the Virgin Mary are said to have died in this city. Bp. of Heraclitus, Hermodorus, Hipponax, and Parrhasius. (See Mark Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress.') =Erbil=, Asiatic Turkey. 36N. 44E. Darius finally defeated by Alexander, 331 B.C. =Erivan=, Transcaucasia. 40N. 45E. Taken by the Turks 1582; by Shah Abbas, 1604; stormed by Turks, 1615; unsuccessfully attacked by Heraclius, 1780; by Russians, 1804; taken by Paskevich, 1827; ceded to Russia, 1828. Partially destroyed by earthquake, 1679. (See Bodenstedt's 'Tausend und ein Tage im Orient' for Tatar poem in celebration of Russian victory.) =Erode=, Madras. 11N. 78E. Captured by British, 1768; by Hyder Ali, 1768; by General Medows, 1790. =Erzerum=, Turkish Armenia. 40N. 41E. Taken by Seljuks, 1201; by Mogols, 1242; by Turks, 1517; by Russians, 1828, 1878; but restored to Turks, 1878. Experienced severe earthquake, 1859. =Erzingan=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 40E. Home of St. Gregory. Greatly suffered from earthquake, 1774. =Esdraelon= ('God has sown'), Palestine. 33N. 35E. Plain frequently occurring in biblical history, notably at the time of Barak's defeat of Sisera, Gideon's victory over Midianites, and Philistines over Saul, also in the time of Ahab. =Eskishehr=, Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 30E. Contains several tombs of Mohammedan saints. Near the city Godfrey of Bouillon defeated Soliman. =Etchmiadsin=, Transcaucasia. 40N. 44E. Ecclesiastical capital of Armenia, with famous monastery. Taken by Russians during Russo-Persian war, 1827; ceded to Russians, 1828.