=Ayacucho= (formerly Huamanga), Peru. 13S. 74W. F. by Pizarro, 1539; Spaniards defeated by patriots and their power broken, 1824 (also known as battle of Candorcanqui) (S. A. W. Ind.). =Ayohuma=, Argentine. Belgrano, leader of the Buenos Ayreans, defeated, 1813 (S. A. W. Ind.) (See Crichfield, 'Rise and Progress of S.A. Republics.') =Baffin's Bay.= 72N. 67W. Named after the discoverer, 1616. =Bahama Islands.= 25N. 77W. One of these (now identified as Watling Island) was the first land sighted by Columbus, and called by him San Salvador, 1492. =Bahia.= 12S. 38W. Former cap. of Brazil; f. 1549 by Thomas de Souza. (See Darwin, 'Voyage of the Beagle.') =Bahia Blanca=, Argentine. 38S. 62W. (See Darwin, 'Voyage of the Beagle.') =Ball's Buff= (or Leesburg Heights), on the Potomac. 39N. 77W. Defeat of Federals 1861 (Civil W.). =Baltimore=, Maryland, U.S. 39N. 76W. First settler on site of, 1682; f. 1729, and named in honour of Lord Baltimore; attacked unsuccessfully by the English, 1814; Federal volunteers attacked by citizens, 1861; finally joined the Federal cause. (See Fort MacHenry and North Point.) =Barbadoes=, Windward Islands. 13N. 59W. Actual discoverers unknown, perhaps the Portuguese; sighted by English, 1605; in power of English since first colonised by them, 1625, in which year Jamestown was f. =Bastimentos=, Boca Toro. 9N. 82W. Columbus at, 1502. =Baylis's Creek=, James River, near Malvern Hill. 37N. 77W. Attack on driven back by Confederates, 1864 (Civil W.). =Beagle= Channel, Tierra del Fuego. 54S. 67W. (See Darwin, 'Voyage of the Beagle.') =Belle Isle Strait.= 50N. 55W. J. Cartier in, 1534. =Belmont=, on the Mississippi. 36N. 89W. Fierce indecisive encounter during Civil W., 1861. =Bemis's Heights=, near Albany, N.Y. 42N. 72W. Battles Sept. and Oct., and final defeat of English, 1777 (W. of Ind.). =Bennington=, Vermont, U.S. 42N. 73W. Victory of Stark and his New England farmers over part of Burgoyne's army, 1777 (W. of Ind.). =Bentonville=, N. Carolina. 35N. 77W. Confederates defeated near, by Sherman, March 18-21, 1865 (Civil W.). =Berbice=, S. America, 0N. 55W. Discovered by Pinzon, 1499; Dutch settlement, 1580; in English possession, 1796-1802; retaken by English, 1803, and ceded to them by treaty, 1814; now part of British Guiana. =Bering Island=, N. Pacific. 55N. 166E. Bering died on, from exhaustion, having been wrecked off coast, 1741. =Bering Strait.= 65N. 170W. Named after the Danish navigator who first explored it, 1728; Cook during his third and last voyage (1776-9) endeavoured to make his passage through, but failed. =Bermudas, The=, islands. 32N. 64W. Discovered by Juan Bermudez, 1522; the first Englishman on was the shipwrecked navigator May, 1593; colonised by Sir George Somers (or Summers), who with Sir T. Gates was shipwrecked on, 1609 (the account of this storm by Strachey possibly furnished source for part of 'Tempest'). (See poem by Waller.)