=Maine=, U.S. 45N. 69W. Cabot possibly off, 1498; northern limit of Verazzano's exploration of American coast, 1524; coast explored by Gosnold, 1602; by Martin Prynne, 1603; French colonists in, 1604-5; George Weymouth in, 1605; unsuccessful expedition to by Plymouth Company, 1607; coast explored by Capt. Smith, 1613; Bristol f., 1625; charter of territory in granted by Charles I. to Sir F. Gorges, and province named Maine in honour of queen; purchased by Massachusetts, 1677; suffered greatly from incursions of Indians, and during war of 1812; admitted to Union, 1820. Bp. Charles Farrar Brown (Artemus Ward) (1778-1820). =Maipu= (Maipo) or Maypo, river, Chili. 33S. 71W. Victory on by San Martin over Spaniards securing Chilian independence, 1818 (S. A. W. Ind.). =Maldonado=, Uruguay. 34S. 54W. Captured by British, 1806. (See Darwin, 'Voyage of the Beagle.') =Manassas= (or Manassas Junction), see Bull Run. =Manhattan Island=, N.Y. 40N. 72W. Verazzani on, 1524; explored by Hudson, 1609; early Dutch trading station on; purchased by Dutch from Indians, 1626. (See New Amsterdam.) =Manitoba=, Canada. 57N. 98W. Early French and English traders in; purchased from Hudson's Bay Company and colony f. by Earl of Selkirk, 1812; repurchased by Hudson's Bay Company, 1836; became property of Imperial government, 1869; organised as a territory, 1870, when the N.-W. Provinces became part of Canada. =Maracaibo=, town, Venezuela, 10N. 71W. Sacked by Morgan and his buccaneers, 1669; naval engagement, defeat of Spaniards and evacuation of town by Morales, 1823 (S. A. W. Ind.). =Maracaibo=, Lake of, Venezuela, 10N. 71W. Discovered by Ojeda, 1499. =Margarita=, island, Caribbean Sea. 11N. 64W. Sighted by Columbus, 1498; Ojeda and Vespucci on, 1499. =Marietta=, Ohio. 39N. 81W. F. and named after Marie Antoinette by Putnam and emigrants from New England, 1788; oldest town in Ohio. =Mariposa=, Yosemite Valley. 37N. 119W. Famous for its mammoth trees (Sequoia gigantea); the age of one now no longer standing was reckoned at 3400 years. =Martinique=, Lesser Antilles, W. Indies. 14N. 61W. These islands were discovered by Columbus, 1493, and he was at Martinique, 1502; French refugees in, 1625; settled by French, 1635; Admiral Ruyter at Fort-de-France (Fort Royal) about 1675; ravaged by English, 1693; surrendered to Rodney, 1762; restored to France by Treaty of Paris, 1763; thrice retaken and restored finally in 1816; revolt of slaves, 1831; slaves enfranchised, 1833; destructive eruptions of Mont Pelée, May and August 1902. Bp. Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie, first wife of Napoleon I. (1763-1814). =Martin's Ferry=, Ohio. 40N. 80W. Bp. W. Dean Howells, A. (1837). =Maryland=, U.S. 39N. 76W. One of the original 13 states of the Union; first colonised by Virginians, 1631; grant to Lord Baltimore, 1632 and English colony settled, 1634; alternate property of Baltimores and Crown till 1774; constituted a state, 1776.