=Panuco=, river, mouth of at Tampico, Mexico. 21N. 97W. Pineda attacked by natives near mouth of, 1519; colony settled on by Garay, Governor of Jamaica, 1520; De Soto at mouth of, 1539. =Paraguay=, republic, S.A. 22S. 54W. Discovered by De Solis, 1515; by Cabot, 1526; explored and taken possession of by Mendoza, 1536; Asuncion (q.v.) f. 1536 or 1537; formerly a dependency of Peru; threw off Spanish authority, 1810; defeat of Belgrano, near Asuncion, made Paraguay definitely independent of Buenos Ayres, 1811; Dr. Francia dictator, 1816-40; Antonio Lopez in power, 1841-62; reign of terror under his son till 1870, when latter was captured and killed; constant change of presidents since. =Paraguay=, river, Brazil. 14S. 57W. Cabot on, 1525; explored by Ayolas, who fought successfully with the natives on, 1535-7. =Parana=, river, estuary of, at Rio de la Plata. First ascended by Cabot, 1525; Ayolas on, 1535. =Paria, Gulf of=, S.A. 9N. 60W. Columbus in, 1498; Ojeda in, 1499. =Patagonia, S.A.= 39S. 60W. Discovered by Magalhaes, 1519; R. de Isola the first to traverse the country, 1535; Drake off, 1578; Cook, 1774; many later explorers, among them Darwin (see 'Voyage of the Beagle') and Capt. Mayne, 1866-8. =Patapsco=, river, Maryland. 39N. 76W. Explored by John Smith, 1608. =Paulus Hook= (now Jersey City). 40N. 74W. Captured by Americans, 1779 (W. of Ind.). =Paxton=, Penn. 40N. 76W. 'Boys' of massacre Indians at Conestoga and Lancaster, 1763. (See Parkman, 'Pontiac,' op. cit.) =Paysandu=, Uruguay. 32S. 57W. Taken by assault by Brazilians, and subjected to a hideous pillage, and its defender Gomez murdered, 1865. =Pennsylvania=, U.S. 40N. 79W. One of the 13 original states of the Union; early colonies in of Swedes and Finns, 17th century; territory surrendered to English, 1664; granted by letters patent to Penn, 1681. =Penobscot, river=, Maine. 44N. 68W. Navigated by George Weymouth, 1605. =Pepperell=, Mass. 42N. 71W. Early home of Prescott, the historian. =Pernambuco=, Brazil. 7-9S. 35-44W. Colonised by Portuguese, 16th century; invaded by Dutch, 1630; insurrections in, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.