Five years after the first voyage of Columbus, John Cabot, sailing from Bristol, discovered Labrador and Newfoundland, and within forty years Verazzano and Cartier opened up the St. Lawrence River as far as Montreal for French settlement; before the end of the century Frobisher had explored Hudson Bay and Gilbert made the first attempt at colonising Newfoundland and Virginia; in 1620 the Pilgrim Fathers sailed the _Mayflower_ into Cape Cod Bay, where five years later the colony of Massachusetts was planted. The coast settlements from Maine to Connecticut assumed in 1642 the name of New England, where were used the interesting silver pieces struck at Boston with N E and the mark of value (XII., VI. or III.); a sixpence is shown on Plate II., Fig. 9; Fig. 10 on the same plate is a Massachusetts shilling of 1652 with the inscription, which runs from obverse to reverse, "Masathusets in New England: An. Dom. 1652. XII." (=12 pence), which type was substituted in 1651 for the earlier New England pieces. The foundation of the Baltimore, or Maryland, plantation in 1632 is illustrated (Plate II., Fig. 11) by a shilling made, together with sixpennies and groats (or fourpennies), in England in 1659 under direction of Lord Baltimore, the founder, whose bust and title "Cecil, Lord of Maryland," and coat of arms are seen on the coins. Plate II., Fig. 12, is a pewter piece struck by James II. (who is seen on horseback) for circulation as small change in the American plantations; its chief interest lies in the fact that being rated as one twenty-fourth of the Spanish real it recognizes Spanish money as common currency. The next coin (Plate II., Fig. 13) is a penny token (dated 1694) of Carolina, the colony which Charles II. presented to his favourite nobles in 1668. In 1717 and 1722 George I. issued copper coins (twopence, penny, and halfpenny) for the American colonies, called the Rosa Americana series; those of the latter year (of which a penny is figured on Plate II., No. 14) were made by William Wood whose Irish halfpence of the same year were pilloried by Swift in the _Drapier Letters_. By the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 the quarrel between French and English settlers was embittered by the ill-defined clause which gave to England "Acadia with its ancient boundaries;" Acadia never had any boundaries except the sea, but it was more or less identical with Nova Scotia. These quarrels culminated in the Seven Years' War, when after her victories at Louisburg, Quebec, Montreal, etc., England became possessed of Canada and the country between Mississippi and the Alleghanies by the Treaty of Paris in 1763. In the first half of the nineteenth century tokens played the part of copper money in British North America; on Plate II., Fig. 15, is a token of Prince Edward Island, which was originally part of Cape Breton and took its name in 1800 from the Duke of Kent; it became a province of Canada in 1873. Similar tokens, issued by banks, companies, or tradesmen, are