A Literary History of the ArabsNicholson, Reynold Alleyne
History
A Literary History of the Arabs
Nicholson, Reynold Alleyne
Arabic literature -- History and criticism
‘Antara b. Shaddád, whose father belonged to the tribe of ‘Abs,
distinguished himself in the War of Dáḥis.[233] In modern times it is
not as a poet that he is chiefly remembered, but as a hero of
romance--the Bedouin Achilles. Goddess-born, however, he could not be
called by any stretch of imagination. His mother was a black slave, and
he must often have been taunted with his African blood, which showed
itself in a fiery courage that gained the respect of the pure-bred but
generally less valorous Arabs. ‘Antara loved his cousin ‘Abla, and
following the Arabian custom by which cousins have the first right to a
girl's hand, he asked her in marriage. His suit was vain--the son of a
slave mother being regarded as a slave unless acknowledged by his
father--until on one occasion, while the ‘Absites were hotly engaged
with some raiders who had driven off their camels, ‘Antara refused to
join in the mêlée, saying, "A slave does not understand how to fight;
his work is to milk the camels and bind their udders." "Charge!" cried
his father, "thou art free." Though ‘Antara uttered no idle boast when
he sang--
"On one side nobly born and of the best
Of ‘Abs am I: my sword makes good the rest!"
his contemptuous references to 'jabbering barbarians,' and to 'slaves
with their ears cut off, clad in sheepskins,' are characteristic of the
man who had risen to eminence in spite of the stain on his scutcheon. He
died at a great age in a foray against the neighbouring tribe of
Ṭayyi’. His _Mu‘allaqa_ is famous for its stirring battle-scenes, one
of which is translated here:--[234]
"Learn, Málik's daughter, how
I rush into the fray,
And how I draw back only
At sharing of the prey.
I never quit the saddle,
My strong steed nimbly bounds;
Warrior after warrior
Have covered him with wounds.
Full-armed against me stood
One feared of fighting men:
He fled not oversoon
Nor let himself be ta'en.
With straight hard-shafted spear
I dealt him in his side
A sudden thrust which opened
Two streaming gashes wide,
Two gashes whence outgurgled
His life-blood: at the sound
Night-roaming ravenous wolves
Flock eagerly around.
So with my doughty spear
I trussed his coat of mail--
For truly, when the spear strikes,
The noblest man is frail--
And left him low to banquet
The wild beasts gathering there;
They have torn off his fingers,
His wrist and fingers fair!"
[Sidenote: Zuhayr.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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