Example, ethical value of, 111 Expediency, an insufficient rule of conduct, 31 when to be consulted, 33 Extreme cases in morals, 125 Falsehood, 151 Family, duties of the, 118 Fénélon, controversy of, with Bossuet, 217 Fitness, the ground of right, 36 Foreknowledge, Divine, consistent with human freedom, 8 Freedom of the will, arguments for, 2 objections to, 4 Government, the essential function of, 180 obedience to, how limited, 182 when to be opposed, 184 Gratitude, 24 Habit, 84 Hatred, 28 Hobbes, 208 Home-life, order requisite in, 169 Homicide, justifiable, 64 Honesty, 134 Horace, the poet of Epicureanism, 200 Ignorance, sins of, 39 Immortality, ethical relations of, 57 Intemperance, 170 Jouffroy, 218 Justice, 113 Kant, ethical system of, 219 Kindness, 25 Knowledge, attainment of, a duty, 102 Law, the result of experience, 50 an educational force, 51 Liberty, the right to, 69 Love, 22 Lucretius, philosophy of, 201 Malebranche, 216 Manners, a department of morals, 177 Marcus Aurelius, character of, 204 Marriage, 120 Measure, duties appertaining to, 170 Military service, 68 Moral philosophy, defined, 34 Motive, 79 Oaths, 129 Observation, a source of ethical knowledge, 46 Order, 164 Paley, 215 Pantheism, ethics of, 218 Parents, duties of, 121 Passion, 82 Patience, 152 Pauperism, 144 Peripatetics, the, 193 Piety toward God, 113 Pity, 25 Place, duties appertaining to, 168 Plato, as a teacher of ethics, 193 Politeness, 178 Positive duties, 117 Price, Richard, 214 Promises, 126 Prudence, 98 Punctuality, 167 Resentment, 27 Revenge, 28 Reverence, 23 Revolution, when justifiable, 185 Right, the, 35 absolute and relative, 37 Rights, defined, 61 how limited, 62 personal, 64 of property, 72 of reputation, 76 Sabbath, the, 16 Sceptical school of philosophy, 204 Schoolmen, ethics of the, 207 Self-control, 106 Self-culture, moral, 109 Self-preservation, 99 Seneca, writings and character of, 203 Shaftesbury, 210 Slavery, 70 Smith, Adam, 211 Socrates, as a teacher of ethics, 195 Speculation in business, when legitimate, 138 when dishonest, 140 Spinoza, 209 Stoics, philosophy of the, 201 eminent Roman, 203 Submission, 155 Sympathy, 25 Taxation, 75 Temperance, 173 Time, duties appertaining to, 165 Usury, 142 Veracity, 122 Virtue, defined, 88 connection of, with piety, 91 Virtues, the, 94 cardinal, 96 Worship, public, 115 Zeno, character of, 202 FOOTNOTES _ 1 Compassion_ ought from its derivation to have the same meaning with _sympathy_; but in common usage it is synonymous with pity. 2 “Ignorantia legis neminem excusat.” 3 The theory that Seneca was acquainted with St. Paul, or had any _direct_ intercourse with Christians in Rome or elsewhere, has no historical evidence, and rests on assumptions that are contradicted by known facts. _ 4 Virtutes leniores_, as Cicero calls them.