"There is evidently a spring molt, but whether partial or entire I have not been able to determine. The breeding plumage is gained by a widening of the longitudinal centers to the feathers, of which the pattern changes on several portions of the body. Such parts as the rump and the abdomen and under tail-coverts have scarcely any visible streaks, but these appear with the summer plumage and are gained by a change of the feather. The sides of the body change from a streaked to a barred appearance, this being effected by a preliminary widening of the brown centers to the feathers which develop into bars without any direct molt. The innermost secondaries, at the autumn molt, seem to be entirely uniform, and the bars make their appearance gradually. "Young.--Differs from the adult in being much more tawny, and, as Seebohm has pointed out, young birds may always be distinguished from the old ones by the much lighter patterns of the notches and bars in the innermost secondaries, these markings being tawny buff, and the black centers to the feathers being much broader." (Sharpe.) This large curlew is extremely wary and although individuals are occasionally seen on tide-flats, they are difficult to kill. 100. NUMENIUS CYANOPUS Vieillot. ASIATIC CURLEW. Numenius cyanopus Vieillot, N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. (1817), 8, 306; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 24, 350; Hand-List (1899), 1, 158; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 24. Bohol (McGregor); Cebu (McGregor); Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester). Japan and eastern Siberia, in winter to Australia. "Adult female in breeding plumage.--Similar to N. arquatus and of the same size, but distinguished by the dark lower back and rump and the regular barring of axillars and under wing-coverts. General appearance more fulvous; under surface tinged with vinous-buff all over; lower back and rump sandy buff with blackish brown centers to the feathers, thus greatly resembling the rest of back; upper tail-coverts barred with blackish brown and sandy buff or white. 'Bill black, flesh-colored at base of lower mandible; feet bluish gray; iris dark brown.' (Taczanowski.) Length, 610; culmen, 183; wing, 318; tail, 117; tarsus, 88. "Adult male.--In this species the difference in size between the sexes is not so apparent as in some of the allied ones. Length, 533; culmen, 173; wing, 302; tail, 109; tarsus, 81. "Young.--Much more tawny than the adults and having tawny-buff bars or notches on the innermost secondaries; the streaks on the under surface very fine and narrow. "Adults in winter plumage do not differ very much from the summer plumage, but the under surface is much less distinctly streaked; the upper surface is very similar at both times of the year." (Sharpe.) This curlew like the next preceding is a large bird and usually, singly or in pairs, is found feeding on flats exposed at low tide. 101. NUMENIUS VARIEGATUS (Scopoli). EASTERN WHIMBREL.