Ardea purpurea var. manilensis Meyen, Acta Acad. Leop. Carol. (1834), 16, suppl. 102. Phoyx manillensis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1898), 26, 63, pl. 1. Ardea manillensis Blanford, Fauna Brit. India Bds. (1898), 4, 381. Pyrrherodias manillensis Sharpe, Hand-List (1889), 1, 194; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 111, McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 32. La-pay, Ticao. Bohol (McGregor); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Catanduanes (Whitehead); Leyte (Steere Exp.); Luzon (Meyen, Whitehead, McGregor); Marinduque (Steere Exp.); Mindoro (Bourns & Worcester); Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead); Palawan (Bourns & Worcester); Panay (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Romblon (McGregor); Samar (Whitehead); Sibuyan (McGregor); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester); Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor). Celebes, Indian and Malay Peninsulas, Ceylon, China, Greater Sunda Islands. Adult male.--"Forehead, crown, long occipital crest, a streak down back of neck, one on each side of neck, and another on each side from gape to nape slaty black; chin and throat white, rest of head and neck ferruginous red, paler and buff on sides of head and middle of fore neck; long feathers overhanging upper breast buffy white, streaked with black and chestnut; lower hind neck, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, wings and tail slaty gray, back darker; quills and tail-feathers blackish; scapulars with long pointed rufous ends; middle of breast and abdomen and lower tail-coverts slaty black; sides of breast rich chestnut; flanks ashy gray; thigh-coverts cinnamon; wing-lining mostly ferruginous. Length, 965; tail, 19; wing, 368; tarsus 140; bill from gape, 152." (Blanford.) "Upper mandible dark brown, the margins dusky yellow as far back as the nostrils, produced to the eye; margins from nostrils to gape dark brown; anterior half of lower mandible clear yellow; the posterior half dull yellow; gape and facial skin greenish yellow; edges of the eyelids yellow; feet and toes yellowish; the front of the tarsus and toes glossy brown; claws dark horn-color; iris yellow." (Oates.) "Adult female.--Similar to the male, but not quite so bright, and the black crest plumes not quite so long. "'Nestling.--Crown of head, quills, and tail lavender-brown; throat and chin pure white; sides of head and upper neck rufous; lower neck rufous-gray, the feathers on the sides being centered with brown; lower plumage rufescent, each feather more or less dark-centered; thighs plain rufous; upper plumage brown, each feather edged with rufescent, more especially on the scapulars and tertiaries; upper and lower wing-coverts bluish brown, each feather broadly edged with rufous.' (Oates.)" (Sharpe.)