l1. Bill straight, its tip chisel-shaped; rectrices stiff, with stiff, pointed tips ... Piciformes (p. 392) l2. Bill more or less curved; rectrices long and soft, without stiff, pointed tips ... Coccyges (p. 363) j2. Toes three in front, one behind; rarely two in front and one behind, then the tail soft; or rarely four toes turned forward and arranged in pairs. k1. Claw of hind toe shorter than that of third toe; feet weak, or feet strong and two toes united for their basal joint ... Coraciiformes (p. 295) k2. Claw of hind toe equal to or longer than that of middle toe. l1. Outer and middle toes united for their basal joint; bill broad; eye surrounded by a fleshy wattle; tail graduated ... Eurylæmiformes (p. 410) l2. Outer and middle toes not united; toes four in number; rectrices twelve with rare exceptions; bill variable in shape, never extensively membranous, softly tumid, nor cered ... Passeriformes (p. 413) Order GALLIFORMES. MEGAPODES, PAINTED QUAIL, AND PHEASANTS. Bill short and stout, culmen curved; head small; body heavy; wings short and rounded, curved to the body; tail either very short or greatly elongated; legs moderate to heavy; claws well developed; toes four, slightly webbed at base. Members of this order are terrestrial; their flight is strong and swift but can not be sustained for a long distance. Their food consists of grain, seeds, and insects. The nest is usually a slight hollow in the ground, hidden by grass or brush; the megapodes, however, bury their eggs in mounds. Suborders. a1. Hind toe on a level with the other toes; feet and claws very heavy; colors plain, the sexes similar in color ... Megapodii (p. 9) a2. Hind toe slightly elevated; feet and claws moderate in size; sexes very different in color; males much brighter ... Phasiani (p. 11) Suborder MEGAPODII. Family MEGAPODIIDÆ. Nostrils oval, situated near anterior border of surrounding membrane; bill moderate, culmen curved; orbital area nearly naked; ear-opening small; chin, throat, and face scantily feathered with short plumes, the skin usually red or dusky; legs, feet, and claws very large and powerful; claws slightly curved and usually blunt; anterior face of tarsus bearing a row of large scutes; rectrices short, exceeding coverts but little; sexes alike. Genus MEGAPODIUS Gaimard, 1823. Characters same as those given for the Family. 1. MEGAPODIUS CUMINGI Dillwyn. PHILIPPINE MEGAPODE.