"Adult male.--Above earthy brown, slightly tinged with rufous, more especially on the scapulars; wing-coverts clay-brown, greater series rather paler on the edges; edge of wing white; alula, primary-coverts, and quills black, slightly shaded with ashy; inner secondaries brown, tinged with rufous; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts ashy gray, the last somewhat darker; tail-feathers black; crown and nape black; sides of face, ear-coverts, and sides of neck vinous, becoming chestnut on the long frill-like feathers of the latter; throat white, mesially streaked with yellowish buff, like the rest of under surface; thighs more tawny-rufous; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts white; on each side of upper breast a patch of dependent feathers, of a blackish ground with yellowish-buff margins; under wing-coverts and axillars pure white; quills slaty below, with paler gray at the ends. 'Eyelids and facial skin green; upper mandible dark brown on the culmen, and pinkish brown on the margins; lower mandible pinkish brown, turning to green towards the tip; the toes and tibio-tarsal joint pale yellow; tarsus dull flesh-color; claws horn-color; iris yellow.' (Oates). Length, 394; culmen, 51; wing, 124; tail, 38; tarsus, 44. "Adult female.--Differs from the male in being more rufous above, the feathers of the upper surface being rufous-brown with yellowish-buff margins; the crown is black as in the male, the ear-coverts and sides of the face are yellowish buff, and the neck-frill is also washed with the latter color; the under surface of the body the same as that of the male, but having the mesial lines more strongly indicated by tawny-buff centers to the feathers of the throat and fore neck. 'Upper mandible dark brown, lower one greenish yellow; feet greenish yellow.' (Butler.) Length, 394; culmen, 53; wing, 132; tail, 41; tarsus, 51. "Young.--Similar to the old female and streaked in the same manner, but distinguished by having wing-coverts broadly centered with dark brown; crown streaked instead of being uniform; feathers black with yellowish buff margins, and under surface of body much more distinctly streaked, centers of the feathers being dark brown on throat and fore neck; flank-feathers also streaked with brown." (Sharpe.) "Extremely abundant about Lake Naujan, in Mindoro. It comes out on the mud flats to feed, but promptly takes refuge among the reeds if disturbed." (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 150. IXOBRYCHUS CINNAMOMEUS (Gmelin). CINNAMON BITTERN. [19] Ardea cinnamomea Gmelin, Syst. Nat. (1788), 1, pt. 2, 643. Ardetta cinnamomea Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1898), 26, 236; Hand-List (1899), 1, 203; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1898), 4, 402, fig. 98 (head); Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 132; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 35. Ba-caú ca-né-lo, Manila.