A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
This series of experiments confirmed the statement made in a former paper,
that some tints obtained in Positive printing are more permanent than
others. Violet tones produced by Sulphur invariably passed into a dull
brown by the action of the moist air; and even when Gold was employed
in toning, these same purple colours were usually _reddened_. This was
especially the case when English papers were used, or foreign papers
re-sized with Serum of Milk containing Caseine. The chocolate-brown tints
which best stand the action of boiling water, and in particular those upon
Ammonio-Nitrate paper, were least affected by the damp air; and indeed it
was evident that the two agents, viz. moist air and hot water, acted alike
in tending to _redden_ the print, although the latter did so in the most
marked manner.
It seemed also, from the results of these experiments, to be a point of
great importance that the size should be removed from the print in order
to render it indestructible by damp air. This was evidently seen in two
cases where Positives, toned in an old Hyposulphite and Gold Bath, were
divided into halves, one of which was treated with a strong solution of
Ammonia. The result was that the halves in which the size was allowed
to remain, faded, whilst the others were comparatively uninjured. The
Albumen proofs especially suffered when the size was left in the paper, a
destructive mouldiness forming, and fading the picture. The use of boiling
water obviated this, and the prints so treated remained clean and bright.
A partial decomposition of Albumen however occurred in some cases even
when hot water was used, the gloss disappearing from the paper in isolated
patches. With _Caseine_ substituted for Albumen there was also a loss of
half-tone; thus seeming to indicate that both these animal principles,
although stable under ordinary conditions, will, even when coagulated by
Nitrate of Silver, decompose if kept long in a moist state.
The use of improper substances for mounting proved to be another
determining cause of fading by oxidation. Those bodies which combine
with Oxide of Silver, are likely upon theoretical grounds to destroy the
half-tones of the image; and it was found, that if the picture were left
in contact with Alum, Acetic Acid, etc., or with the substances which
generate an acid by fermentation, such as paste or starch, it invariably
faded.
The supposed accelerating influence of _Light_ upon the fading of
Positives was not confirmed by these experiments, as far as they extended.
Many of the bottles containing the Photographs were placed outside the
window of a house with a southern aspect during the whole of the three
months with the exception of two or three weeks, but no difference
whatever could be detected between Positives so treated and others kept
in total darkness. It will be proper however that this part of the
investigation should be repeated, allowing a longer time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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