A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
In order to ascertain this point, more than six dozen Positives, printed
on every variety of paper, were mounted in new and perfectly clean
stoppered glass bottles, at the bottom of each of which was placed a
little distilled water, to keep the contained air always moist. They were
removed at the expiration of three months, having been kept during that
time, some in the dark, and others exposed to the light. As the prints
were prepared by various methods, toned in different ways, and mounted
with or without substances likely to exercise a deleterious action, this
series of experiments will possess considerable value in determining some
of the intrinsic causes of fading of Positives.[27]
[27] For a more detailed account of the experiments, see the original
paper in the 'Photographic Journal,' vol. iii.
The general results obtained were as follows:--Positives which had been
_simply fixed_ in Hyposulphite of Soda remained quite uninjured. Whether
developed by Gallic Acid on either of the three Salts of Silver usually
employed, or printed by direct action of light, the result was the same.
Hence we may infer that the darkened material which forms the image of
Photographic Prints does not readily oxidize in a damp atmosphere.
_Toned_ Positives were found in many cases to be less permanent than
Positives simply fixed. This was especially the case when the toning had
been effected by _Sulphur_; all the sulphuretted prints, fixed in solution
of Hyposulphite which had been long used, became yellow in the half-tones
when exposed to moisture. Positives fixed and toned in Hyposulphite
containing Gold were variously affected; some prepared when the solution
was in an active state being unchanged, others losing a little half-tone,
and others, again, fading badly. These latter were prepared in a Bath
which had lost Gold and acquired sulphuretting properties; and it was
noticed that they were more injured by the action of boiling water than
those Positives which proved to be permanent under the influence of the
moisture.
Toning by means of Chloride of Gold appeared to be highly satisfactory,
but the number of prints operated upon was small. The Sel d'or process
also did not injure the integrity of the image, no commencing yellowness
or bleaching of half-tones being visible after exposure to the moist air.
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