A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
All necessary remarks will fall under three heads:--The preparation
of the Daguerreotype film;--the means by which the latent image is
developed;--and the strengthening of the image by Hyposulphite of Gold.
_The Preparation of the Daguerreotype Film._--The sensitive film of the
Daguerreotypist is in many respects different from that of the Calotype or
Collodiotype. The latter may be termed wet processes, in contradistinction
to the former, where aqueous solutions are not employed. The Daguerreotype
film is a pure and isolated Iodide of Silver, formed by the direct action
of Iodine upon the metal. Hence it lacks one element of sensitiveness
possessed by the others, viz. the presence of soluble Nitrate of Silver in
contact with the particles of Iodide of Silver.
It is important to remember that the Iodide of Silver prepared by
acting with vapour of Iodine upon metallic Silver, is different in its
Photographic action from the yellow salt obtained by double decomposition
between Iodide of Potassium and Nitrate of Silver. A Daguerreotype film,
when exposed to a bright light, first darkens to an ash-grey colour and
then becomes nearly white; the solubility in Hyposulphite of Soda being
at the same time lessened. A Collodion film, on the other hand, if the
excess of Nitrate of Silver be washed off, although it is still capable of
receiving the radiant impression in the Camera, does not alter either in
colour or in solubility, by exposure even to the sun's rays.
_Details of the process for preparing a Daguerreotype Plate._--A copper
plate of moderate thickness is coated upon the surface with a layer of
pure Silver, either by the electrotype or in any other convenient manner.
It is then polished with great care, until the surface assumes a brilliant
metallic lustre. This preliminary operation of polishing is one of great
practical importance, and the troublesome details attending it constitute
one of the main difficulties to be overcome.
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