A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
Waxed Paper is rendered sensitive by immersion in a Bath of Nitrate of
Silver containing Acetic Acid; the quantity of which latter ingredient
should be increased when the papers are to be long kept. As the excess of
Nitrate is subsequently removed, the solution may be used weaker than in
the Calotype or Collodion process.
After exciting, the papers are washed with water to reduce the amount of
free Nitrate of Silver to a minimum. This lessens the sensitiveness, but
greatly increases the keeping qualities, and the paper will often remain
good for ten days or longer.
It is a very important point, in operating with Waxed Paper, to keep
the developing dishes clean. The development is conducted by immersion
in a Bath of Gallic Acid containing Acetic Acid and Nitrate of Silver;
and being retarded by the superficial coating of wax, there is always a
tendency to an irregular reduction of Silver upon the white portions of
the Negative. When the developer becomes brown and discoloured, this is
almost sure to happen; and it is well known to chemists that the length
of time during which Gallic Acid and Nitrate of Silver may remain mixed
without decomposing, is much lessened by using vessels which are dirty
from having been before employed for a similar purpose. The black deposit
of Silver exercises a _catalytic_ (καταλυσις, decomposition by contact)
action upon the freshly-mixed portion, and hastens its discoloration.
The Waxed Paper process is exceedingly simple and inexpensive,--very
suitable for tourists, as requiring but little experience, and a minimum
of apparatus. It is however slow and tedious in all its stages, the
sensitive papers frequently taking an exposure of twenty minutes in the
Camera, and the development extending over an hour or an hour and a
half. Several Negatives however may be developed at the same time; and
as the removal of the free Nitrate of Silver gives the process a great
advantage during hot weather, it will in all probability continue to be
extensively followed. The prints which have been sent to the Exhibition
of the Photographic Society, show that waxed paper in the hands of a
skilful operator may be made to delineate architectural subjects with
great fidelity, and also to give the details of foliage and landscape
Photography with distinctness.
_The Albumen process upon Glass._--The process with Albumen originated in
a desire to obtain a more even surface layer of Iodide of Silver than the
coarse structure of the tissue of paper will allow. It is conducted with
simple Albumen, or "white of eggs," diluted with a convenient quantity of
water. In this glutinous liquid Iodide of Potassium is dissolved; and the
solution, having been thoroughly shaken, is set aside, the upper portion
being drawn off for use, in the same manner as in the preparation of
Albuminized paper for printing.
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