A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
After fixing the Negative by removing the unaltered Iodide of Silver with
Hyposulphite of Soda, it is well washed and dried. White wax is then
melted in with a hot iron, so as to render the paper transparent, and to
facilitate the after-process of printing.
The Calotype cannot be compared with the Collodion process for
sensitiveness and delicacy of detail, but it possesses advantages for
tourists and those who do not wish to be encumbered with large glass
plates. The principal difficulty appears to be in obtaining a uniformly
good paper, many samples giving a speckled appearance in the black parts
of the Negative.
_The Waxed Paper process of Le Grey._--This is a useful modification
of the Talbotype introduced by M. Le Grey. The paper is waxed before
iodizing, by which, without involving any additional operation, a very
fine surface layer of Iodide of Silver can be obtained. The Waxed Paper
Process is well adapted for tourists, from its extreme simplicity and the
length of time which the film may be kept in a sensitive condition.
Both English and foreign papers are employed: but the former take the
wax with difficulty. Mr. Crookes, who has devoted his attention to this
process, gives clear directions for waxing paper; it is essential that
pure white wax should be obtained direct from the bleachers, since the
flat cakes sold in the shops are commonly adulterated. The _temperature_
must also be carefully kept below that point at which decomposition of
the wax takes place; the use of too hot an iron being a common source of
failure (see 'Photographic Journal,' vol. ii. p. 231).
The sheets of paper, having been properly waxed, are soaked for _two
hours_ in a solution containing Iodide and Bromide of Potassium, with,
enough free Iodine to tinge the liquid of a port-wine colour. The greasy
nature of wax impedes the entry of liquids, and hence a long immersion
is required. The iodizing formulæ of the French Photographers have been
encumbered by the addition of a variety of substances which appear to
introduce complications without giving proportional advantage, and Mr.
Townshend has done the art a service by proving that the Iodide and
Bromide of Potassium, with free Iodine, are sufficient. This latter
ingredient was first used by Mr. Crookes; it seems to add to the clearness
and sharpness of the Negatives; and as the papers are _coloured_ by the
Iodine, air-bubbles cannot escape detection. The process of exciting with
Nitrate of Silver is also rendered more certain by the employment of free
Iodine, the action of the Bath being continued until the purple colour
gives place to the characteristic yellow tint of the Iodide of Silver.
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