A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
After the picture is fully brought out, wash in cold, and subsequently
in warm water, to remove the Gallic Acid, which, if allowed to remain,
would discolour the Hyposulphite Bath. Then fix the Print in a solution
of Hyposulphite of Soda, one part to two of water, continuing the action
until the yellow colour of the Iodide disappears. The fixing Bath ought
not to produce much change in the tint. If the Positive loses its dark
colour on immersion in the Hyposulphite, and becomes pale and red,
it has been insufficiently developed. The theory of this part of the
process should be understood:--It is particularly the _second stage_ of
the development of a Photograph (see p. 144) on which the fixing Bath
produces no effect; and therefore a considerable change of colour in the
Hyposulphite indicates that too little Silver has been deposited, and the
remedy will be to push the development, adding a little Aceto-Nitrate to
the Gallic Acid if the strength of the Bath be found insufficient to yield
dark tones.
The colour of Positives developed upon Iodide of Silver is not agreeable,
and they become blue and inky when toned with gold. By fixing the proof
in Hyposulphite of Soda which has been long used and has acquired
sulphuretting properties, the tint is much improved; but the permanency of
the Print under unfavourable conditions is lessened by adopting that mode
of toning.
A NEGATIVE PRINTING PROCESS UPON BROMIDE OF SILVER.
By substituting the Bromide for the Iodide of Silver in the above process,
the proportions and details of manipulation being in other respects the
same, a more agreeable colour is obtained.
Paper prepared with Bromide of Silver is less sensitive than the Iodide,
but an exposure of one minute (in the printing frame) will usually be
sufficient even on a dull day. The image is nearly latent, but sometimes a
very faint outline of the darkest shadows can be seen. The proportion of
Bromide used is likely to influence this point; the sensitiveness being
diminished, but the image showing more of the details before development,
when the quantity of the Silver Salt is reduced to a minimum.
Either English or French papers may be used, but in the latter case the
Bromide should be dissolved in Serum of Milk (p. 262), or it will be
difficult to obtain a good surface picture. The proportion of Bromide may
be five grains to the ounce of Serum.
These proofs, even when simply fixed in plain Hyposulphite of Soda, are
superior in colour to the Positives printed by the last formula upon
Iodide of Silver; and the permanency is very great if the development be
sufficiently pushed. The use of the Serum of Milk gives an advantage in
resisting the oxidizing influences to which Positives are liable to be
exposed (p. 150).
GENERAL REMARKS ON NEGATIVE PRINTING.
Printing by development should not be attempted until the manipulation of
the ordinary process by direct exposure to light has been acquired.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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