A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
The employment of _oxidizing agents_ shows also that in an ordinary
Photographic process by the direct action of light, other elements besides
Silver assist in forming the image: the pictures being found to be easily
susceptible of oxidation, whereas the metallic image formed on pure
Chloride of Silver resists oxidation.
_Composition of_ developed _images._--By exposing sensitive
layers of the Iodide, the Bromide, and the Chloride of Silver to the light
for a short time only, and subsequently developing with Gallic Acid,
Pyrogallic Acid, and the protosalts of Iron, a variety of images may be
obtained, which differ from each other materially in every important
particular, and a comparison of which assists the determination of the
disputed point.
The appearance and properties of the developed Photograph are found to
vary with the existence of the following conditions.
1st. _The surface used to sustain the sensitive layer._--There is a
peculiarity in the image formed on _Collodion_. Collodion contains
Pyroxyline, a substance which behaves towards the salts of Silver in a
manner different from that of most organic bodies, exhibiting no tendency
to assist their reduction by light. Hence Chloride of Silver on Collodion
darkens far more slowly than the same salt upon Albumen, and the image,
after fixing, is feeble and metallic. Iodide of Silver on Collodion,
exposed and developed, gives usually a more metallic image, with less
intensity, than Iodide of Silver upon Albumen, or on paper sized with
Gelatine. By adding to the Collodion a body which has an affinity for low
oxides of Silver, such for instance as Glycyrrhizine, the opacity of the
developed image is increased.
2nd. _The nature of the sensitive salt._--When Iodide of Silver is used
to receive the latent impression, the image after development, although
lacking intensity of colour by reflected light, is more nearly in the
condition of metallic Silver than if Bromide or Chloride of Silver
be substituted; and of the three salts, the Chloride gives the most
intensity, with the least quantity of metallic Silver. This rule applies
especially when organic matters, Gelatine, Glycyrrhizine, etc., are
present.
3rd. _The developing agent employed._--An organic developing agent like
Pyrogallic Acid may be expected to produce a Collodion image more intense,
but less metallic, than an inorganic developer, such as the Protosulphate
of Iron.
4th. _The length of time during which the light has acted._--Over-action
of the light favours the production of an image which is dark by
reflection and brown or red by transmission, corresponding in these
particulars to what may be termed the non-metallic image containing an
oxide of Silver.
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