A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
5th. _The stage of the development._--The red image first formed on the
application of the developer to a gelatinized or albuminized surface of
Iodide of Silver is less metallic, and more easily injured by destructive
tests, than the black image, which is the result of prolonging the action.
Developed photographs which are of a bright red colour after fixing,
correspond in properties to images obtained by the direct action of light
on paper prepared with Chloride of Silver, more nearly than to Collodion,
or even to fully developed Talbotype Negatives.
To conclude the Paper, the following may be offered in the way of
recapitulation:--An image consisting of metallic silver, as a rule,
reflects white light, and shows as a positive when laid on black velvet;
but a non-metallic organic image is dark, and represents the shadows of a
picture. Collodion positives developed with protosalts of Iron are nearly
or quite metallic. Photographs on Albumen or Gelatine less so than those
on Collodion. Developed Photographs contain more Silver than others, if
the development has been prolonged. The half shadows of the image in a
Positive Print are especially liable to suffer under injurious conditions,
since they contain the Silver in a less perfect state of reduction.[24]
[24] The Author omits, in this place, all mention of molecular conditions
affecting intensity, inasmuch as at the present time nothing positive
has been determined with regard to them. It is however known that in the
use of the protosalts of Iron as developing agents, the appearance of
the image is much influenced by the rapidity with which the reduction is
effected--the particles of Silver being larger and more metallic when the
development is conducted slowly. The process of electro-plating and other
chemical operations of a similar kind prove that the physical properties
of metals precipitated from solutions of their salts, vary greatly with
the degree of fineness and arrangement of their particles.
ON THE VARIOUS AGENCIES DESTRUCTIVE TO PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS.
_Action of Sulphuretting Compounds upon Positive Prints._--It was first
noticed by Mr. T. A. Malone, that the most intense Photograph might be
destroyed by acting upon it with solution of Sulphuretted Hydrogen or a
soluble Sulphuret, for a sufficient length of time.
The changes produced by a sulphuretting compound acting upon the red image
of a simply fixed print are these:--the colour is first darkened, and a
degree of brilliancy imparted to it; this is the effect termed "toning."
Then the warm tint by degrees alters to a colder shade, the _intensity_ of
the whole image is lessened, and the half-tones turn yellow. Lastly, the
full shadows pass also from black to yellow, and the print fades.
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